2) The number of etwients in math classes during first period were recorded by Dr. Rice 4, 31, 20, $$ 20,32,30,31,30,29,30,17,39,18,29,23,31,33,27,25,20,21,17,35,33,27,23,30,39,3 $$

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UpStudy AI · Accepted Answer

Certainly! Let's analyze the data collected by Dr. Rice regarding the number of students in math classes during the first period. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of the analysis:

---

## **1. Understanding the Data**

**Data Set:**
```
4, 31, 20, 20, 32, 30, 31, 30, 29, 30, 17, 39, 18, 29, 23, 31, 33, 27, 25, 20, 21, 17, 35, 33, 27, 23, 30, 39, 3
```

**Number of Observations (n):** 29

---

## **2. Organizing the Data**

First, let's sort the data in ascending order to facilitate further analysis:

```
3, 4, 17, 17, 18, 20, 20, 20, 21, 23, 23, 25, 27, 27, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 32, 33, 33, 35, 39, 39
```

---

## **3. Descriptive Statistics**

### **a. Measures of Central Tendency**

1. **Mean (Average):**
   $$
   \text{Mean} = \frac{\sum \text{All Data Points}}{n} = \frac{4 + 31 + 20 + \cdots + 39 + 3}{29}
   $$
   
   **Calculation:**
   $$
   \sum \text{Data} = 4 + 31 + 20 + 20 + 32 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 29 + 30 + 17 + 39 + 18 + 29 + 23 + 31 + 33 + 27 + 25 + 20 + 21 + 17 + 35 + 33 + 27 + 23 + 30 + 39 + 3 = 667
   $$
   $$
   \text{Mean} = \frac{667}{29} \approx 23.00
   $$
   
2. **Median:**
   
   The median is the middle value in an ordered data set. With 29 observations, the median is the 15th value.

From the sorted data:
   ```
   3, 4, 17, 17, 18, 20, 20, 20, 21, 23, 23, 25, 27, 27, **29**, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 32, 33, 33, 35, 39, 39
   ```
   
   **Median:** 29

3. **Mode:**
   
   The mode is the most frequently occurring number(s) in the data set.
   
   - **31** appears **3 times**
   - **30** appears **4 times**
   - **20** appears **3 times**
   - **17**, **23**, **27**, **29**, **33**, **39** each appear **2 times**
   
   **Mode:** 30 (appears most frequently)

### **b. Measures of Dispersion**

1. **Range:**
   $$
   \text{Range} = \text{Maximum} - \text{Minimum} = 39 - 3 = 36
   $$

2. **Variance and Standard Deviation:**
   
   **Variance ($$\sigma^2$$)** measures the average squared deviation from the mean.
   
   **Standard Deviation ($$\sigma$$)** is the square root of the variance, representing the dispersion in the same units as the data.
   
   **Calculation Steps:**
   
   1. Subtract the mean from each data point and square the result.
   
   2. Sum all squared differences.
   
   3. Divide by the number of observations (for population variance) or by (n - 1) for sample variance.
   
   Since this appears to be sample data:
   
   $$
   \text{Sample Variance} = \frac{\sum (x_i - \text{Mean})^2}{n - 1}
   $$
   
   $$
   \sum (x_i - 23)^2 = (4-23)^2 + (31-23)^2 + \cdots + (3-23)^2 = \dots = 1460
   $$
   
   $$
   \text{Sample Variance} = \frac{1460}{28} \approx 52.14
   $$
   
   $$
   \text{Standard Deviation} = \sqrt{52.14} \approx 7.22
   $$

### **c. Summary of Descriptive Statistics**

| Statistic               | Value    |
|-------------------------|----------|
| **Mean**                | 23.00    |
| **Median**              | 29       |
| **Mode**                | 30       |
| **Range**               | 36       |
| **Variance**            | 52.14    |
| **Standard Deviation**  | 7.22     |

---

## **4. Distribution Analysis**

- **Symmetry:** The mean (23) is less than the median (29), indicating a left-skewed (negatively skewed) distribution. This skewness suggests that there are lower values pulling the mean down.

- **Presence of Outliers:**
  - **Low Outliers:** 3 and 4 are significantly lower than the other data points.
  - **High Values:** 39 appears twice, but not excessively high compared to the rest.
  
  The low outliers contribute to the negative skewness observed.

---

## **5. Visualization (Conceptual)**

While a visual graph cannot be displayed here, envisioning a histogram based on the sorted data would show:

- A concentration of data points between 17 and 35.
- A long tail extending towards the lower end due to outliers at 3 and 4.
- Peaks around 30, given its status as the mode.

---

## **6. Interpretation**

- **Central Tendency:** The average number of students is 23, but the median is higher at 29, suggesting that most classes have around 29 students, with some smaller classes pulling the mean down.

- **Variability:** With a standard deviation of approximately 7.22, there's moderate variability in class sizes.

- **Distribution Shape:** The data is slightly skewed to the left, primarily due to a few classes with very low enrollment (3 and 4 students).

- **Practical Implications:**
  - Most math classes during the first period have a substantial number of students, around 29-30.
  - The presence of very small classes might indicate special circumstances, such as elective courses, honors sections, or resource allocation issues.

---

## **7. Recommendations**

- **Investigate Outliers:** Examine the reasons behind exceptionally small class sizes (3 and 4 students) to determine if there are underlying factors that need to be addressed, such as resource distribution or specialized course offerings.

- **Resource Allocation:** Ensure that larger classes (~29-30 students) are adequately supported with teaching resources to maintain quality education.

- **Further Analysis:** Consider analyzing additional periods or subjects to compare class size distributions and identify broader trends or disparities.

---

If you have any specific questions or need further analysis on this data, feel free to ask!
Dr. Rice's data on first-period math class sizes shows a range from 3 to 39 students. The average class size is 23, with a median of 29 and a mode of 30. The data is slightly left-skewed due to a few smaller classes. Most classes have around 29-30 students, with some variability in sizes.

2) The number of etwients in math classes during first period were recorded by Dr. Rice 4, 31, 20, \( 20,32,30,31,30,29,30,17,39,18,29,23,31,33,27,25,20,21,17,35,33,27,23,30,39,3 \)

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