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A pharmaceutical company collects data on the side effects participants report for a drug it is testing. The company
finds that the probability of experiencing a headache is 5 percent and the probability of experiencing both a
headache and heartburn is 2 percent. If the probability of experiencing a headache or heartburn is 8 percent, what is
the probability of experiencing heartburn?
1 percent
5 percent
11 percent
15 percent

Ask by Burton Carter. in the United States
Jan 22,2025

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The probability of experiencing heartburn is 5 percent.

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Bonus Knowledge

To find the probability of experiencing heartburn, we can use the formula for the probability of the union of two events:
P(Headache or Heartburn) = P(Headache) + P(Heartburn) - P(Headache and Heartburn).
We know that:
  • P(Headache) = 0.05 (5 percent),
  • P(Headache and Heartburn) = 0.02 (2 percent),
  • P(Headache or Heartburn) = 0.08 (8 percent).
Plugging in the values, we have:
0.08 = 0.05 + P(Heartburn) - 0.02.
Rearranging gives us:
P(Heartburn) = 0.08 - 0.05 + 0.02 = 0.05 (or 5 percent).
So, the probability of experiencing heartburn is 5 percent.

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