Answer the Guiding Questions
2. Understanding Cause and Effect How did the
election of Marius as consul reflect a change in
Rome’s government?

The election of Marius as consul in 107 BCE marked a significant shift in Rome’s political landscape by signaling the rise of populism over the traditional aristocratic power structure. Marius, a plebeian, championed the rights and interests of the lower classes, particularly by recruiting soldiers from the lower economic classes. This change in military recruitment had far-reaching effects, fostering loyalty to individual generals over the state, which ultimately contributed to the decline of the Roman Republic.

Additionally, Marius’ election can be seen as a pivotal moment in the struggle between the populares and optimates, two factions within the Roman Senate. The populares sought to implement reforms that benefited the common people, while the optimates represented the established elite. Marius’ rise indicated a growing sentiment among the populace, leading to increasing tensions and conflicts that eventually helped pave the way for future civil wars and the transition towards autocratic rule in Rome.