Which of the following did not contribute to the collapse of Mesopotamian civilization? rising water table seasonal irrigation poor drainage of irrigated fields large population

The collapse of Mesopotamian civilization is often attributed to several environmental and socio-economic factors. Here's a breakdown of each option: 1. **Rising Water Table**: This refers to the increase in groundwater levels, which can lead to waterlogging and salinization of the soil. In Mesopotamia, excessive irrigation without proper drainage caused salts to accumulate in the soil, reducing agricultural productivity and contributing to the civilization's decline. 2. **Poor Drainage of Irrigated Fields**: Inefficient drainage systems exacerbated the problem of soil salinization. Without adequate drainage, excess water remained in the fields, harming crops and making the land less arable. 3. **Large Population**: A growing population increased the demand for resources, putting additional pressure on agricultural systems and water supplies. This overexploitation of resources made the society more vulnerable to environmental stresses. 4. **Seasonal Irrigation**: Unlike the other factors, seasonal irrigation was a standard agricultural practice adapted to the region's climatic conditions. It involved timing irrigation with seasonal rainfall patterns to optimize water usage. While improper management could lead to issues, seasonal irrigation itself was not a direct cause of the civilization's collapse. **Therefore, the factor that did **_not_** contribute to the collapse of Mesopotamian civilization is:** **Seasonal irrigation**