Choose the wrong answer: a. The second generation of computers is identified by transistors. b. The first generation of computers is identified by vacuum tubes. c. The third generation of computers is identified by miniaturization. d. The fourth generation of computers is identified by vLsI, personal computers, and optical discs.

The incorrect answer is: **c. The third generation of computers is identified by miniaturization.** **Explanation:** - **a. The second generation of computers is identified by transistors.** *This is correct. The second generation (1950s-1960s) utilized transistors, which were smaller, faster, and more reliable than vacuum tubes.* - **b. The first generation of computers is identified by vacuum tubes.** *This is correct. The first generation (1940s-1950s) used vacuum tubes for circuitry.* - **c. The third generation of computers is identified by miniaturization.** *This is **incorrect**. The third generation (1960s-1970s) is primarily identified by the use of **integrated circuits (ICs)**, which allowed for more complex and reliable systems. While miniaturization was a result of using ICs, the key characteristic is the integration of multiple components into a single chip.* - **d. The fourth generation of computers is identified by VLSI, personal computers, and optical discs.** *This is correct. The fourth generation (1970s-present) is marked by Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology, the rise of personal computers, and advancements like optical discs.* --- **Correct Answer:** c. The third generation of computers is identified by miniaturization.