The Oldest Zero: Zero and its place in the number system has a very interesting history. The oldest record of zero goes back to a 3rd-century Indian manuscript.
Perfect Numbers: If a number is equal to the sum of its divisors when taken apart from itself, then it is called a perfect number. For example, 6 is a perfect number since its divisors are 1, 2, and 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
Mersenne Primes: These are special primes, being one less than a power of two. They are named for Marin Mersenne, a French monk who studied them in the early 17th century. An example is 31, An example is 31, which is 2^5 - 1
Palindromic Integers: A palindromic number reads the same from left to right and from right to left. Examples are 121, 343, and 1331. They are not just fun numbers; in some cases, they are culturally important too.
Integer Sequence Curiosities: There are numerous integer sequences that are intriguing. The classic example is the sequence of prime numbers: integers for which no divisors exist except for 1 and the integer itself. Another example is the sequence of square numbers: 1, 4, 9, 16..., where each number is an integer squared.
Negative Number Acceptance: Not until the 17th century was it possible to accept the use of negative integers, so the use of negative numbers was witnessed in the accounting field during the Han Dynasty of China. Even before this, the discussions based on the existence and use of negative numbers often put the mathematicians and philosophers into confusion.
The Special Zero: Zero is the only integer that is neither positive nor negative. It is used to signify an absence of quantity and is pivotal in the development of algebra.
Integer in Computers: In computer science, an 'integer' often refers specifically to a data type that comprises a subset of the mathematical integers. Different types of integer data types can hold different ranges of values, depending on their bit length.
Integers and Imaginary Numbers: When integers remain to be real numbers, it is possible to create complex numbers with their combination with imaginary numbers. This will form a wider application in mathematics and engineering.
The Abundance of Integers: One of the early mathematicians, Euler, came upon the notion of an abundancy index of an integer, which is a ratio used to measure how 'abundant' a number is in relation to its divisors. It led to rich discussions on Number Theory.