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Percent Puzzles Solved: Your Friendly Percent FAQ

  • 1.

    How to calculate percent error?

    Imagine you predicted something (like how many cookies you'd bake) and the actual result was different. Percent error tells you how far off you were. Here's the formula (don't worry, it's easier than it looks!):

    • Absolute value of (actual result - expected result) / expected result * 100%
    Basically, find the difference between what actually happened and what you thought would happen, then divide that by what you expected and multiply by 100% (to get a percentage). Absolute value means you forget any negative signs.
  • 2.

    How to calculate percent change?

    Percent change helps you see how something has increased or decreased over time. Imagine you had a collection of 100 marbles, and now you have 120. The percent change is:

    • (New value - Old value) / Old value * 100%

    So, in this case, the change is positive (more marbles). This formula works for both increases and decreases, as long as you keep track of positive and negative signs.


    Detailed Steps:

    Step 1: Subtract the original value from the new value.

    Step 2: Divide this result by the original value.

    Step 3: Multiply by 100 to find the percent change.

    For instance, if a stock price goes from $100 to $110, the percent change is ((110 - 100) / 100) × 100 = 10%.

  • 3.

    How to find the percent of a number?

    Finding the percent of a number involves a simple multiplication.

    Step 1: Convert the percentage you want to find into a decimal by dividing it by 100.

    Step 2: Multiply the decimal by the number in question.

    For example, to find 25% of 200, first convert 25% to 0.25 and then multiply 0.25 by 200 to get 50.

  • 4.

    What is 40 percent of 20?

    To find 40 percent of 20:

    Step 1: Convert 40% to a decimal (0.40).

    Step 2: Multiply 0.40 by 20.

    0.40 × 20 = 8. So, 40 percent of 20 is 8.

  • 5.

    What is 20 percent of 40?

    To calculate 20 percent of 40:

    Step 1: Convert 20% to a decimal (0.20).

    Step 2: Multiply 0.20 by 40.

    0.20 × 40 = 8. Therefore, 20 percent of 40 is 8.

  • 6.

    Real-world Applications of Percent

    1. Finance: Interest Rates and Investment Percentages find the most application in finance by enabling the calculation of the interest rate on the savings account, loans, and credit cards. For instance, with a savings account having an interest rate of 2% per annum, it is easy for one to figure out how much money he will have earned on his investment at the close of the year using just percentages.

    2. Evaluation: Grading Instructions In education, percentages have always been used as the foundation to award marks based on performance. For example, if a student scored 90 out of 100 in a test, that student has scored 90%. This percentage then often corresponds to a grade, like an A or a B, depending on the grading scale.

    3. Retail: Discounts and Sale Retailers often express discounts in percentages at the time of a sale. So, if one buys a jacket that normally costs $100, but is on sale at 25% off, then the price of that jacket is $75. It is to make the shopper understand in percentage how much they are saving in a purchase.
  • 7.

    Fun Facts about Percent

    1. Ancient Origins: Although the idea of calculating a percentage is relatively new, the fundamental concept behind it dates back to time immemorial. The Romans indeed used fractions that were precursors to modern percentage calculations, often dividing things into hundredths as part of their administrative and financial management.

    2. Psychological Pricing: Psychological strategies in pricing often resort to working with percentages, such as pricing an item at $19.99 rather than $20. It has been proven through studies that prices ending in .99 look much cheaper than they actually are, thanks to the perception of the leading numbers.

    3. In Art and Design: Percentages are critical in the use of the 'rule of thirds' in art and design, a guideline that suggests that an image should be divided into nine equal parts with two equally spaced horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical lines. Placing elements on these intersections tends to create more tension, energy, and interest in the composition than just centering the feature would.

    4. Global impact: Percentage is such a universal concept in mathematics since it is used by all cultures worldwide, just like in the determination of the level of humidity in any given weather forecast, and the strength of a solution in chemistry.
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