15. The structure of the executive branch is 16. The Florida governor and U.S. president have in common that 1.9 17. Four ways that the power of the president can be checked by Congress are 18. The judicial branch can check the power of the other two branches by 3.4 19. Federalism is 20. The Supremacy Clause says. 21. Enumerated/delegated powers are. xamples are Reserved powers are

Certainly! Below are the answers to your questions numbered 15 through 21, along with explanations for "Examples are" and "Reserved powers are." --- ### 15. **The structure of the executive branch is** The executive branch of the United States government is responsible for enforcing and implementing laws. Its structure includes: - **President of the United States:** Serves as the head of state and government, acting as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, and responsible for national leadership. - **Vice President:** Assists the President and is first in the presidential line of succession. - **The Cabinet:** Comprises the heads of the major executive departments (e.g., Department of State, Department of Defense) who advise the President. - **Executive Departments and Agencies:** Various departments and agencies handle specific areas of governance, such as education, transportation, and homeland security. - **Independent Agencies:** Organizations that operate independently of the executive departments, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). --- ### 16. **The Florida governor and U.S. president have in common that** Both the **Governor of Florida** and the **President of the United States** share several common roles and responsibilities, including: - **Chief Executive:** They oversee the execution of state or federal laws and manage the executive branch of government. - **Commander-in-Chief:** They have authority over the state's National Guard (Governor) or the military forces (President). - **Legislative Leader:** They can propose legislation and have the power to veto bills passed by their respective legislatures. - **Budget Authority:** They prepare and submit budgets for their state or the federal government. - **Representative Role:** They represent their state or country in official functions and intergovernmental relations. --- ### 17. **Four ways that the power of the president can be checked by Congress are** Congress has several mechanisms to limit and oversee the powers of the President, ensuring a balance of power as outlined in the U.S. Constitution. Four key checks include: 1. **Legislation:** Congress can pass laws that the President must either implement or veto. While the President can veto legislation, Congress can override a veto with a two-thirds majority in both houses. 2. **Oversight and Investigation:** Congress holds hearings, investigations, and can subpoena witnesses and documents to oversee executive branch activities and ensure they comply with the law. 3. **Power of the Purse:** Congress controls federal spending and can allocate or withhold funding for executive actions and programs. 4. **Impeachment:** Congress can impeach and remove the President from office for "high crimes and misdemeanors." The House of Representatives initiates impeachment, and the Senate conducts the trial for removal. --- ### 18. **The judicial branch can check the power of the other two branches by** The **Judicial Branch**, primarily through the Supreme Court and other federal courts, can limit the powers of the Executive and Legislative branches through: - **Judicial Review:** The power to declare laws, executive actions, and policies unconstitutional. Established by the landmark case **Marbury v. Madison (1803)**. - **Interpreting Laws:** Courts interpret the meaning and application of laws passed by Congress, ensuring they adhere to the Constitution. - **Protecting Rights:** The judiciary safeguards individual and minority rights against potential overreach by the other branches. - **Reviewing Executive Actions:** Courts can evaluate the legality of actions taken by the President and executive agencies, ensuring they follow established laws and procedures. --- ### 19. **Federalism is** **Federalism** is a system of government in which power is divided and shared between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments. This division allows both levels of government to operate independently in certain areas while collaborating in others. Key aspects include: - **Shared Powers:** Both national and state governments have authority in some areas, such as taxation and law enforcement. - **Concurrent Powers:** Powers that both levels can exercise simultaneously, like the ability to levy taxes. - **Distinct Powers:** Powers reserved exclusively to either the national government (e.g., declaring war) or the state governments (e.g., conducting elections). - **Protection of Liberties:** Federalism helps prevent the concentration of power by distributing authority across different levels of government. --- ### 20. **The Supremacy Clause says** The **Supremacy Clause** is found in **Article VI, Clause 2** of the U.S. Constitution. It establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority constitute the "Supreme Law of the Land." This means: - **Federal Law Supremacy:** When state laws conflict with federal laws, federal law prevails. - **Binding on States:** Judges in every state are bound by the Constitution and federal laws, regardless of state laws to the contrary. - **Prioritization:** Ensures a uniform legal framework across the United States, maintaining consistency and preventing states from undermining federal policies. --- ### 21. **Enumerated/delegated powers are.** **Enumerated** or **Delegated Powers** are specific powers granted to the federal government by the U.S. Constitution. They are explicitly listed primarily in **Article I, Section 8**, and include: - **The Power to Tax and Spend:** The government can collect taxes and allocate federal funds for national interests. - **Regulate Commerce:** Authority to oversee interstate and international trade. - **Declare War:** The ability to formally declare war against other nations. - **Raise and Support Armies:** To build and maintain military forces. - **Coin Money:** Authority to produce currency and regulate its value. - **Establish Post Offices:** To create and manage postal services. **Examples are:** - **The Power to Declare War:** Granted to Congress to authorize military action. - **The Power to Regulate Interstate Commerce:** Allowing the federal government to oversee trade between states. - **The Power to Coin Money:** Enabling the federal government to create and manage the nation's currency. - **The Power to Establish a Postal Service:** Creating and maintaining postal operations nationwide. --- ### Reserved Powers are **Reserved Powers** are those powers which are not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states by the Constitution. According to the **Tenth Amendment**, these powers are reserved to the states or the people. They allow states to govern themselves in areas not specifically addressed by federal authority. **Examples of Reserved Powers:** - **Education:** States establish and regulate public education systems, set curriculum standards, and manage school operations. - **Marriage Laws:** States determine the legal requirements and recognition of marriages. - **Public Safety:** Police powers, including law enforcement and maintaining public order within the state. - **Conducting Elections:** States oversee the administration of elections, including voter registration and voting procedures. - **Healthcare:** States regulate and manage public health initiatives, hospitals, and healthcare services. - **Local Government:** Establishing and governing municipal entities like cities and counties. --- I hope these answers help clarify your understanding of the executive branch structure, the interplay between different levels of government, and the distribution of powers within the U.S. federal system. If you have any further questions or need more detailed explanations, feel free to ask!