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Name Date
Class
Earthquakes - Review and Reinforce
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
  1. What are seismic waves?

  2. In what order do the three types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph?

  3. Which type of seismic wave produces the most severe ground movements?
  4. Describe the moment magnitude scale, and explain why it is useful in measuring earthquakes.


  5. How do geologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake?



    Building Vocabulary
    Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column.
    6. focus
    a. records ground movements caused by
  6. epicenter seismic waves as they move through the Earth
  7. surface waves
  8. seismograph
    b. slowest seismic waves that produce the most severe ground movements
  9. magnitude
    c. the point beneath Earth’s surface at which rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake
    d. a measurement of earthquake strength
    e. the point on the surface directly above the point at which an earthquake occurs
    © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reseved.

Ask by Weber Perkins. in the United States
Jan 24,2025

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Answer

Earthquakes - Review and Reinforce
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Understanding Main Ideas
  1. Seismic Waves: Energy waves from earthquakes that travel through Earth’s layers.
  2. Order of Arrival at Seismograph: P-waves first, then S-waves, followed by surface waves.
  3. Most Severe Ground Movements: Surface waves.
  4. Moment Magnitude Scale: Measures earthquake size based on energy released; useful for large and distant quakes.
  5. Locating Epicenter: Use data from at least three seismograph stations to find the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus.
Building Vocabulary
Term Definition Letter
6. focus c. the point beneath Earth’s surface at which rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake
7. epicenter e. the point on the surface directly above the point at which an earthquake occurs
8. surface waves b. slowest seismic waves that produce the most severe ground movements
9. seismograph a. records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth
10. magnitude d. a measurement of earthquake strength
Answer Key for Building Vocabulary:
  1. c
  2. e
  3. b
  4. a
  5. d

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The Deep Dive

Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth, generated by sudden releases of energy during geological events such as earthquakes. These waves can be categorized into several types, including P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves, with each type exhibiting unique properties and speeds as they propagate through the Earth’s layers.
When an earthquake strikes, the P-waves (primary waves) arrive first as they move the fastest, followed by S-waves (secondary waves), and finally, surface waves, which are the slowest but often cause the most damage due to their high amplitude and complexity as they travel along the Earth’s surface. This sequence is crucial for seismologists to analyze earthquake data and assess its impact.

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