\begin{tabular}{l} Question 30 \\ 30. (1.4; DOK 2) Macedonia, under King Phillip and Alexander the Great, was \\ able to take control of all of Greece in the 340s BC because \\ the Persian Empire had soundly defeated Athens and Sparta. \\ a terrible plague had weakened Athens and Sparta. \\ Xerxes was a brilliant commander of the Macedonian army. \\ a long cycle of warfare left all of Greece vulnerable to attack \\ \hline\end{tabular}

During the 340s BC, the Greek city-states had been embroiled in conflict for decades, notably during the Peloponnesian War, which drained their resources and weakened their armies. This left them vulnerable to outside threats. King Philip II of Macedonia capitalized on this instability by forming alliances and using military innovation, leading to the eventual unification of Greece under Macedonian rule. The legacy of Philip II and Alexander the Great is a testament to the power of strategic warfare and diplomacy. Their conquests not only expanded the Macedonian Empire but also facilitated the spread of Hellenistic culture across vast regions, influencing art, science, and governance for centuries to come. You can explore how Alexander's campaigns reshaped the ancient world through various documentaries and historical novels.