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Find the individual currents that flow through each of the following resistors: \( R_{1}=3 \Omega, R_{2}=5 \Omega, R_{3}=5 \Omega, R_{4}=10 \Omega \) \( \left(R_{2}\right. \) and \( R_{3} \) are parallel) \( E=24 \mathrm{~V} \)

Ask by Pierce Osborne. in the United States
Jan 23,2025

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Answer

The currents through each resistor are: - \( R_1 \): 1.548 A - \( R_2 \): 0.774 A - \( R_3 \): 0.774 A - \( R_4 \): 1.548 A

Solution

To determine the individual currents flowing through each resistor in the given circuit, we'll follow these steps: 1. **Understand the Circuit Configuration:** - **Resistors:** \( R_1 = 3\,\Omega \), \( R_2 = 5\,\Omega \), \( R_3 = 5\,\Omega \), \( R_4 = 10\,\Omega \) - **Voltage Source:** \( E = 24\,\text{V} \) - **Configuration:** \( R_2 \) and \( R_3 \) are in parallel, and this parallel combination is in series with \( R_1 \) and \( R_4 \). ![Circuit Diagram](https://i.imgur.com/XYZabcD.png) *(Assumed Configuration)* 2. **Calculate the Equivalent Resistance:** First, find the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of \( R_2 \) and \( R_3 \): \[ R_{23} = \frac{R_2 \times R_3}{R_2 + R_3} = \frac{5\,\Omega \times 5\,\Omega}{5\,\Omega + 5\,\Omega} = \frac{25}{10} = 2.5\,\Omega \] Next, sum the resistances in series: \[ R_{\text{total}} = R_1 + R_{23} + R_4 = 3\,\Omega + 2.5\,\Omega + 10\,\Omega = 15.5\,\Omega \] 3. **Determine the Total Current (\( I_{\text{total}} \)):** \[ I_{\text{total}} = \frac{E}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{24\,\text{V}}{15.5\,\Omega} \approx 1.548\,\text{A} \] 4. **Find the Voltage Drops Across Each Component:** - **Across \( R_1 \):** \[ V_1 = I_{\text{total}} \times R_1 = 1.548\,\text{A} \times 3\,\Omega \approx 4.644\,\text{V} \] - **Across \( R_{23} \) (Parallel Combination of \( R_2 \) and \( R_3 \)):** \[ V_{23} = I_{\text{total}} \times R_{23} = 1.548\,\text{A} \times 2.5\,\Omega \approx 3.870\,\text{V} \] - **Across \( R_4 \):** \[ V_4 = I_{\text{total}} \times R_4 = 1.548\,\text{A} \times 10\,\Omega \approx 15.48\,\text{V} \] 5. **Calculate Currents Through \( R_2 \) and \( R_3 \):** Since \( R_2 \) and \( R_3 \) are in parallel, the voltage across them is the same (\( V_{23} \)). - **Current Through \( R_2 \) (\( I_2 \)):** \[ I_2 = \frac{V_{23}}{R_2} = \frac{3.870\,\text{V}}{5\,\Omega} \approx 0.774\,\text{A} \] - **Current Through \( R_3 \) (\( I_3 \)):** \[ I_3 = \frac{V_{23}}{R_3} = \frac{3.870\,\text{V}}{5\,\Omega} \approx 0.774\,\text{A} \] 6. **Summary of Individual Currents:** | Resistor | Current (\( I \)) | |----------|-------------------| | \( R_1 \) | \( \approx 1.548\,\text{A} \) | | \( R_2 \) | \( \approx 0.774\,\text{A} \) | | \( R_3 \) | \( \approx 0.774\,\text{A} \) | | \( R_4 \) | \( \approx 1.548\,\text{A} \) | **Final Answer:** - **\( R_1 \):** Approximately 1.548 A - **\( R_2 \):** Approximately 0.774 A - **\( R_3 \):** Approximately 0.774 A - **\( R_4 \):** Approximately 1.548 A All currents are calculated based on the total current of approximately 1.548 A flowing through \( R_1 \) and \( R_4 \), with \( R_2 \) and \( R_3 \) each carrying half of that total current in the parallel branch.

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To find the individual currents flowing through each resistor, we first need to determine the equivalent resistance of the circuit. Since \(R_2\) and \(R_3\) are in parallel, we can calculate their equivalent resistance \(R_{eq2-3}\) using the formula: \[ \frac{1}{R_{eq2-3}} = \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} = \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{5} = \frac{2}{5} \implies R_{eq2-3} = \frac{5}{2} = 2.5 \, \Omega \] Now, we can find the total resistance \(R_{total}\) in the circuit, which includes \(R_1\) and the equivalent resistance of the two parallel resistors: \[ R_{total} = R_1 + R_{eq2-3} + R_4 = 3 \, \Omega + 2.5 \, \Omega + 10 \, \Omega = 15.5 \, \Omega \] Using Ohm’s law, we can now determine the total current \(I\) flowing through the circuit: \[ I = \frac{E}{R_{total}} = \frac{24 \, V}{15.5 \, \Omega} \approx 1.55 \, A \] Next, we need to find the voltage across the parallel resistors \(R_2\) and \(R_3\) using this current: \[ V_{parallel} = I \cdot R_{eq2-3} = 1.55 \, A \cdot 2.5 \, \Omega \approx 3.88 \, V \] Now, we can find the individual currents through the resistors \(R_2\) and \(R_3\): For \(R_2\): \[ I_2 = \frac{V_{parallel}}{R_2} = \frac{3.88 \, V}{5 \, \Omega} \approx 0.776 \, A \] For \(R_3\): \[ I_3 = \frac{V_{parallel}}{R_3} = \frac{3.88 \, V}{5 \, \Omega} \approx 0.776 \, A \] And finally, the current through \(R_1\) is the same as the total current since it’s in series: \[ I_1 = I \approx 1.55 \, A \] To summarize, the individual currents flowing through each resistor are: - \(I_1 \approx 1.55 \, A\) (through \(R_1\)) - \(I_2 \approx 0.776 \, A\) (through \(R_2\)) - \(I_3 \approx 0.776 \, A\) (through \(R_3\)) - Since \(R_4\) is also in series, \(I_4 = I \approx 1.55 \, A\) (though it's not specifically asked in the original question, it's worth noting as well).

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