Karalo secondary school Grade 12 IT Worksheet 1st semester Final Exam2017 1. $$ \qquad $$ refers to a collection of data sources that are so massive and complex that they become challenging to process using typical data processing software or readily available database management tools. A. Big data B. Project Management C. Communication D. All 2. Which one of the following is Characteristics of Big data? A. Volume B. Variety C. Velocity D. Veracity E. All 3. Which one of the following is Characteristics of Big data refers to the nature of data that whether it is structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data. A. Volume B. Variety C. Velocity D. Veracity E. All 4. Which one of the following is Characteristics of Big data refers to the speed at which data is being created in real time? A. Volume B. Variety C. Velocity D. Veracity E. All 5. Which one correct is the amount of valuable, reliable, and trustworthy data that needs to be stored, processed, and analyzed to find insights? A. Volume B. Variety C. Velocity D. value E. All 6. $$ \qquad $$ Indicates huge 'volumes' of data that are being generated daily from various sources, like social media platforms, business processes, machines. A. Volume B. Variety C. Velocity D. Veracity E. All 7. $$ \qquad $$ means the degree of reliability that the data has to offer. A. Volume B. Variety C. value D. Veracity E. All 8. List and describe Benefits of Big data? 9. List and describe Application of Big data? 10. List and describe Challenges of Big data? 11. Define Cloud computing? 12. List and describe benefits of cloud computing? 13. List and describe Limitations of Cloud Computing? 14. What are the types of Cloud Computing and define each? 15. Write Cloud Computing Services? 16. Define Fog Computing? 17. Define Internet of Things (IoT)? 18. List the advantages of IoT? 19. List the Limitations of IoT? 20. List and describe component of IOT? 21. List Application area of Internet of Things? 22. What is $$ \checkmark $$ Columns $$ \checkmark $$ Tuples $$ \checkmark $$ Records , Database , Rows $$ \checkmark $$ RDBMS $$ \checkmark $$ Fields $$ \checkmark $$ DBMS , Attributes $$ \checkmark $$ Tables $$ \checkmark $$ Datatype $$ \checkmark $$ Primary key $$ \checkmark $$ Degree

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Here are the answers to the questions from the Grade 12 IT Worksheet:

1. **A. Big data**  
   Big data refers to a collection of data sources that are so massive and complex that they become challenging to process using typical data processing software or readily available database management tools.

2. **E. All**  
   Characteristics of Big data include Volume, Variety, Velocity, and Veracity.

3. **B. Variety**  
   Variety refers to the nature of data that includes structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data.

4. **C. Velocity**  
   Velocity refers to the speed at which data is being created in real time.

5. **D. Value**  
   Value is the amount of valuable, reliable, and trustworthy data that needs to be stored, processed, and analyzed to find insights.

6. **A. Volume**  
   Volume indicates huge 'volumes' of data that are being generated daily from various sources, like social media platforms, business processes, and machines.

7. **D. Veracity**  
   Veracity means the degree of reliability that the data has to offer.

8. **Benefits of Big Data:**
   - **Improved Decision Making:** Organizations can make better decisions based on data-driven insights.
   - **Cost Reduction:** Efficient data processing can lead to reduced operational costs.
   - **Enhanced Customer Experience:** Analyzing customer data helps in personalizing services.
   - **Innovation:** Big data can lead to new products and services based on insights gained.

9. **Applications of Big Data:**
   - **Healthcare:** Analyzing patient data for better treatment plans.
   - **Finance:** Fraud detection and risk management.
   - **Retail:** Inventory management and customer behavior analysis.
   - **Manufacturing:** Predictive maintenance and supply chain optimization.

10. **Challenges of Big Data:**
    - **Data Privacy:** Ensuring the security of sensitive information.
    - **Data Quality:** Maintaining accuracy and reliability of data.
    - **Integration:** Combining data from various sources can be complex.
    - **Skill Gap:** Need for skilled professionals to analyze big data.

11. **Cloud Computing Definition:**
    Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet, allowing for on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable resources (e.g., servers, storage, applications).

12. **Benefits of Cloud Computing:**
    - **Cost Efficiency:** Reduces the need for physical hardware and maintenance.
    - **Scalability:** Easily scale resources up or down based on demand.
    - **Accessibility:** Access services from anywhere with an internet connection.
    - **Disaster Recovery:** Provides backup and recovery solutions.

13. **Limitations of Cloud Computing:**
    - **Downtime:** Potential for service outages.
    - **Security Risks:** Vulnerability to data breaches.
    - **Limited Control:** Less control over infrastructure.
    - **Compliance Issues:** Challenges in meeting regulatory requirements.

14. **Types of Cloud Computing:**
    - **Public Cloud:** Services offered over the public internet, available to anyone.
    - **Private Cloud:** Exclusive cloud infrastructure for a single organization.
    - **Hybrid Cloud:** Combination of public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between them.

15. **Cloud Computing Services:**
    - **Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):** Virtualized computing resources over the internet.
    - **Platform as a Service (PaaS):** Platform allowing developers to build applications without managing infrastructure.
    - **Software as a Service (SaaS):** Software applications delivered over the internet.

16. **Fog Computing Definition:**
    Fog computing is a decentralized computing infrastructure that extends cloud computing to the edge of the network, allowing data processing closer to the source of data generation.

17. **Internet of Things (IoT) Definition:**
    The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical devices connected to the internet, enabling them to collect and exchange data.

18. **Advantages of IoT:**
    - **Automation:** Enables automation of processes and systems.
    - **Efficiency:** Improves operational efficiency through real-time data.
    - **Enhanced Data Collection:** Provides more data for analysis.
    - **Remote Monitoring:** Allows for monitoring of devices from anywhere.

19. **Limitations of IoT:**
    - **Security Concerns:** Increased risk of cyber attacks.
    - **Interoperability Issues:** Challenges in connecting different devices.
    - **Data Overload:** Managing and analyzing large volumes of data can be difficult.
    - **Privacy Issues:** Concerns over data collection and usage.

20. **Components of IoT:**
    - **Devices/Sensors:** Collect data from the environment.
    - **Connectivity:** Network protocols that connect devices to the internet.
    - **Data Processing:** Analyzing the collected data.
    - **User Interface:** Applications that allow users to interact with the IoT system.

21. **Application Areas of IoT:**
    - **Smart Homes:** Home automation systems.
    - **Healthcare:** Remote patient monitoring.
    - **Agriculture:** Precision farming techniques.
    - **Transportation:** Smart traffic management systems.

22. **Database Terms:**
    - **Columns:** Vertical divisions in a table that represent attributes.
    - **Tuples:** Rows in a database table, representing records.
    - **Records:** A complete set of information in a table.
    - **Rows:** Horizontal divisions in a table, synonymous with tuples.
    - **RDBMS:** Relational Database Management System, a type of database management system.
    - **Fields:** Individual data points in a record.
    - **DBMS:** Database Management System, software for managing databases.
    - **Attributes:** Characteristics or properties of data.
    - **Tables:** Structures that organize data in rows and columns.
    - **Datatype:** Defines the type of data that can be stored in a field.
    - **Primary Key:** A unique identifier for a record in a table.
    - **Degree:** The number of attributes in a relation (table).
1. **A. Big data** Big data refers to large and complex data collections that are difficult to process with traditional software. 2. **E. All** Big data characteristics include Volume, Variety, Velocity, and Veracity. 3. **B. Variety** Variety refers to the different types of data, including structured, unstructured, and semi-structured. 4. **C. Velocity** Velocity refers to the speed at which data is generated in real time. 5. **D. Value** Value refers to the quality and reliability of the data. 6. **A. Volume** Volume refers to the large amount of data generated daily from various sources. 7. **D. Veracity** Veracity refers to the reliability and accuracy of the data. 8. **Benefits of Big Data:** - Better decision-making - Cost reduction - Improved customer experience - Innovation 9. **Applications of Big Data:** - Healthcare - Finance - Retail - Manufacturing 10. **Challenges of Big Data:** - Data privacy - Data quality - Integration - Skill gap 11. **Cloud Computing:** Cloud computing provides on-demand access to computing resources over the internet. 12. **Benefits of Cloud Computing:** - Cost efficiency - Scalability - Accessibility - Disaster recovery 13. **Limitations of Cloud Computing:** - Downtime - Security risks - Limited control - Compliance issues 14. **Types of Cloud Computing:** - Public Cloud - Private Cloud - Hybrid Cloud 15. **Cloud Computing Services:** - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - Platform as a Service (PaaS) - Software as a Service (SaaS) 16. **Fog Computing:** Fog computing extends cloud computing to the edge of the network, processing data closer to the source. 17. **Internet of Things (IoT):** IoT connects physical devices to the internet, enabling data collection and exchange. 18. **Advantages of IoT:** - Automation - Efficiency - Enhanced data collection - Remote monitoring 19. **Limitations of IoT:** - Security concerns - Interoperability issues - Data overload - Privacy issues 20. **Components of IoT:** - Devices/Sensors - Connectivity - Data processing - User interface 21. **Application Areas of IoT:** - Smart homes - Healthcare - Agriculture - Transportation 22. **Database Terms:** - Columns: Vertical data divisions - Tuples: Rows in a table - Records: Complete data sets - Rows: Horizontal data divisions - RDBMS: Relational Database Management System - Fields: Individual data points - DBMS: Database Management System - Attributes: Data characteristics - Tables: Data structures - Datatype: Data type definitions - Primary Key: Unique record identifier - Degree: Number of attributes in a table

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