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U geometrijskom je nizu peti član \( -\frac{4}{9} \), a količnik \( -\frac{1}{3} \). Koliko članova toga niza treba zbrojiti da zbroj bude \( -\frac{2188}{81} ? \)

Ask by Frazier Vega. in Croatia
Dec 14,2024

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Da bi zbroj bio \( -\frac{2188}{81} \), treba zbrojiti sve članove niza sve dok zbroj bude bliski \( -\frac{2188}{81} \).

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The Deep Dive

U geometrijskom nizu, svaki član se dobiva množenjem prethodnog člana s količnikom. U ovom slučaju, imamo peti član \( a_5 = -\frac{4}{9} \) i količnik \( q = -\frac{1}{3} \). Da bismo izračunali prvi član \( a_1 \), koristimo formulu za n-ti član: \[ a_n = a_1 \cdot q^{n-1} \] Dakle, \[ a_5 = a_1 \cdot q^{4} \implies -\frac{4}{9} = a_1 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^{4} \implies -\frac{4}{9} = a_1 \cdot \frac{1}{81} \implies a_1 = -\frac{4}{9} \cdot 81 = -36. \] Svi članovi niza su: \[ a_1 = -36, \quad a_2 = -36 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) = 12, \quad a_3 = 12 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) = -4, \quad a_4 = -4 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{4}{3}, \quad a_5 = \frac{4}{3} \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) = -\frac{4}{9}. \] S obzirom na to da niz postaje \( -36, 12, -4, \frac{4}{3}, -\frac{4}{9}, \ldots \), možemo izračunati zbroj \( S_n \) prvih \( n \) članova budući da je zbroj geometrijskog niza: \[ S_n = a_1 \cdot \frac{1 - q^n}{1 - q} \] Stavljamo \( S_n = -\frac{2188}{81} \), \( a_1 = -36 \) i \( q = -\frac{1}{3} \): \[ -\frac{2188}{81} = -36 \cdot \frac{1 - \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^n}{1 + \frac{1}{3}} = -36 \cdot \frac{1 - \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^n}{\frac{4}{3}}. \] Pojednostavimo to: \[ -\frac{2188}{81} = -36 \cdot \frac{3}{4} \cdot \left(1 - \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^n\right) = -27 \left(1 - \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^n\right). \] Množimo sve s -1: \[ \frac{2188}{81} = 27 \left(1 - \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^n\right) \implies 1 - \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^n = \frac{2188}{2187}. \] Dakle: \[ \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^n = 1 - \frac{2188}{2187} = -\frac{1}{2187} \implies \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^n = -\frac{1}{3^7} \text{ (jer } 3^7 = 2187). \] Tako, \( n = 7 \). Dakle, za zbroj \( -\frac{2188}{81} \) treba zbrojiti 7 članova.

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