1. Which countries lost land?

After World War I, several countries in Europe lost substantial amounts of land due to treaties like the Treaty of Versailles. For instance, Germany was stripped of territories such as Alsace-Lorraine, which went to France, and parts of Prussia, which were handed to Poland. The Austro-Hungarian Empire also fragmented, losing regions to newly-formed nations like Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. In modern times, various countries have experienced shifts in borders due to conflicts, treaties, and independence movements. For example, in the 1990s, the Soviet Union's dissolution led to several former Soviet Republics gaining independence, while countries like Ukraine experienced annexation and loss of territories due to conflicts with Russia. This exemplifies the fluid nature of borders and national identities throughout history.