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Express the integrand as a sum of partial fractions and evaluate the integ \( \int \frac{d x}{4-25 x^{2}} \) Express the integrand as a sum of partial fractions.

Ask by Gibson Luna. in the United States
Jan 23,2025

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\[ \int \frac{dx}{4 - 25x^2} = \frac{1}{20} \ln \left| \frac{2 + 5x}{2 - 5x} \right| + C \]

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To express the integrand as a sum of partial fractions, we can start by factoring the denominator \(4 - 25x^2\). We rewrite it as follows: \[ 4 - 25x^2 = (2 - 5x)(2 + 5x) \] Now, we can express the integrand as partial fractions: \[ \frac{1}{4 - 25x^2} = \frac{A}{2 - 5x} + \frac{B}{2 + 5x} \] Multiplying through by the common denominator \((2 - 5x)(2 + 5x)\) gives: \[ 1 = A(2 + 5x) + B(2 - 5x) \] Expanding this, we get: \[ 1 = (2A + 2B) + (5A - 5B)x \] Setting coefficients equal, we have: 1. For the constant term: \(2A + 2B = 1\) 2. For the \(x\) term: \(5A - 5B = 0\) From the second equation, rearranging gives \(A = B\). Let's call this common value \(C\). Substituting into the first equation: \[ 2C + 2C = 1 \implies 4C = 1 \implies C = \frac{1}{4} \] Thus, \(A = \frac{1}{4}\) and \(B = \frac{1}{4}\). We can now express our original integrand: \[ \frac{1}{4 - 25x^2} = \frac{1/4}{2 - 5x} + \frac{1/4}{2 + 5x} \] Now we substitute this back into the integral: \[ \int \frac{dx}{4 - 25x^2} = \int \left(\frac{1/4}{2 - 5x} + \frac{1/4}{2 + 5x}\right) dx \] We can split this into two separate integrals: \[ \int \frac{1/4}{2 - 5x} dx + \int \frac{1/4}{2 + 5x} dx \] Now, let's evaluate these integrals individually. The first integral can be evaluated using the substitution \(u = 2 - 5x\), hence \(du = -5 dx\), or \(dx = -\frac{1}{5} du\): \[ \int \frac{1/4}{2 - 5x} dx = -\frac{1}{20} \ln |2 - 5x| + C_1 \] For the second integral, we can similarly use \(v = 2 + 5x\), where \(dv = 5 dx\), or \(dx = \frac{1}{5} dv\): \[ \int \frac{1/4}{2 + 5x} dx = \frac{1}{20} \ln |2 + 5x| + C_2 \] Combining both results, we have: \[ \int \frac{dx}{4 - 25x^2} = -\frac{1}{20} \ln |2 - 5x| + \frac{1}{20} \ln |2 + 5x| + C \] This can be combined into a single logarithmic expression: \[ = \frac{1}{20} \ln \left| \frac{2 + 5x}{2 - 5x} \right| + C \] Therefore, the final evaluated integral is: \[ \int \frac{dx}{4 - 25x^2} = \frac{1}{20} \ln \left| \frac{2 + 5x}{2 - 5x} \right| + C \]

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