The decision to divide Congress into two houses, with equal representation in one and proportional representation in the other, was called New York Compromise. Great Compromise. New Jersey Plan. Virginia Plan.

The correct answer is: **Great Compromise.** **Explanation:** During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, there was significant debate over how states should be represented in the new Congress. Two primary proposals emerged: 1. **Virginia Plan:** Advocated for a bicameral legislature with representation based on state population or financial contributions, favoring larger states. 2. **New Jersey Plan:** Proposed a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, favoring smaller states. The **Great Compromise** (also known as the Connecticut Compromise) merged these ideas by establishing a bicameral Congress: - **Senate:** Each state has equal representation (two senators each), addressing the concerns of smaller states. - **House of Representatives:** Representation is based on population, satisfying the demands of larger states. This compromise was pivotal in shaping the structure of the United States Congress as it exists today. **Answer:** Great Compromise.