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-
is non-real when . -
is undefined at and . -
when .
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To determine the values of
for which
is non-real, undefined, or greater than zero, let’s break it down.
-
Non-real values: The function
has a square root in its numerator, which means must be non-negative. Thus, leads to . Values less than make the square root non-real. -
Undefined values: The function is undefined when the denominator equals zero. Setting
gives us , hence or cause to be undefined. -
Values for which
: For to be positive, both the numerator and denominator must be positive or both must be negative. The numerator is positive for . For the denominator , we find that this occurs when or . So, combining these conditions, or will yield .
In summary:
-
is non-real for , -
is undefined for and , -
for or .