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8. \( 200 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{30} \mathrm{\%} \mathrm{li} \mathrm{bariy} \mathrm{nitrat} \mathrm{eritmasiga} \mathrm{nechagramm} \) \( \mathrm{Na}_{4} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \cdot 10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \) kristallogidrat qo'shilganda eritmadagi bariy nitmatning massaulushi \( 20 \% \) ga teng bolib qoldi. A) 23,1 B) 70,68 C) 44,53 D) 21.24 \( 9.300 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{20} \mathrm{\%} \mathrm{li} \mathrm{barly} \mathrm{xlorid} \mathrm{eritmasiga} \mathrm{necha} \mathrm{gramm} \) \( \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \) - \( 10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \) kristallogidrat qo'shilganda critmadagi bariy xtoridning massa ulushi \( 10 \% \) ga teng bo ib qoldi. A) 23,1 B) 70,68 C) 44,53 D) 21.24 10. \( 600 \mathrm{~g} 20 \% \) li bariy xlorid eritmasiga necha gramm \( \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \cdot 10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \) kristallogidrat qo'shilganda eritmadagi barly xforidning massa utushi \( 12 \% \) ga teng botib qoldi. A) 23,1 B) 70,68 C) 44,53 D) 21.24 11. CuSO4 ning to yingan ( \( 22^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) da) 200 g eritmasiga 4 g suvsiz mis (II) sulfat qo'shilganda cho kmaga tushgan kristallogidrat tarkibida \( 4,98 \mathrm{~g} \) suvsiz tuz borligi aniqlandi. Suvsiz CuSO 4 tuzining \( 22^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) dagi eruvchanligi 25 ga teng bo'lsa, kristallogidratdagi 1 mol pugga necha mol suv tog'ri kelishini aniqlang. 7 B) 4 C) 5 D) 2 12. FeSO4 ning to'yingan ( \( 30^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) da) 150 g eritmasiga \( 7,5 \mathrm{~g} \) suvsiz temir(II) sulfat qo'shilganda cho'kmaga tushgan kristallogidrat tarkibida \( 8,906 \mathrm{~g} \) suvsiz tuz borligi aniqlandi. Suvsiz FeSO 4 tuzining \( 30^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) dagi cruvchanligi 33,33 ga teng bo'lsa, kristallogidratdagi 1 mol tuzga necha mol suv tog'ri kelishini aniqlang. A) 7 B) 4 C) 5 D) 2 13. Na2SO3 ning to yingan ( \( 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) da) 100 g eritmasiga 15 g suvsiz natriy sulfit qo'shilganda chokmaga tushgan kristallogidrat tarkibida \( 47,727 \mathrm{~g} \) suvsiz tuz borligi aniqlandi. Suvsiz Na 2 SO 3 tuzining \( 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) dagi eruvchanligi 60 ga teng bo'tsa, kristallogidratdagi 1 mol tuzga necha mol suv tog'ri kelishini aniqlang. A) 7 B) 4 C) 5 D) 8 14. Li2SO4 ning to yingan ( \( 15^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) da) 120 g eritmasiga \( 6,4 \mathrm{~g} \) suvsiz litiy sulfat qo'shilganda cho'kmaga tushgan kristallogidrat tarkibida \( 7,364 \mathrm{~g} \) suvsiz tuz borligi aniqlandi. Suvsiz Li 2 SO 4 tuzining \( 15^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) dagi eruvchanligi 20 ga teng bo"lsa, kristallogidratdagi 1 mol tuzga necha mol suv tog'ri kelishini aniqlang. A) 7 B) 4 C) 5 D) 2

Ask by Ray Barrett. in Uzbekistan
Jan 20,2025

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Kristallogidratdagi suv miqdorini aniqlash uchun 5 mol suv to'g'ri kelishi kerak. Javob: C) 5

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Kiyim-sovun formula va unga bog'liq kimyoviy hisob-kitoblarni amalga oshirish uchun quyidagi qadamlarni bajarishimiz kerak. **Savol 11:** **Ma'lumotlar:** - To'yigan (yorigan) 200 g eritmaga 4 g suvsiz CuSO₄ qo'shildi. - Kristallogidrat tarkibida 4,98 g suvsiz CuSO₄ mavjud. - Sutsiz CuSO₄ eruvchanligi 25 ga teng (bu ehtimol 25 g/100 g suv tushuniladi). **Qadamlar:** 1. **Dastlabki eritma tarkibini aniqlash:** - Erolichilik 25 g CuSO₄ / 100 g suv. - Dastlabki eritma 200 g bo'lib, suv (W) va tuz (S) miqdori quyidagicha: \[ \frac{S}{W} = 0.25 \quad \text{va} \quad W + S = 200 \, \text{g} \] \[ S = 0.25W \] \[ W + 0.25W = 200 \rightarrow 1.25W = 200 \rightarrow W = 160 \, \text{g} \] \[ S = 40 \, \text{g} \] 2. **Qo'shilgan tuz miqdorini hisoblash:** - 4 g suvsiz CuSO₄ qo'shiladi, jami tuz miqdori 44 g bo'ladi. - Erolichilikga ko'ra, 160 g suvda maksimal 40 g tuz qoplashi mumkin, shuning uchun ortiqcha 4 g tuz kristallashadi. - Ammo berilgan ma'lumotda kristallogidratda 4,98 g tuz borligi aniqlandi, bu biroz farq qiladi. Bu yerda suv qo'shilishi yoki boshqa omillar ta'siri bo'lishi mumkin. 3. **Kristallogidratdagi suv miqdorini aniqlash:** - To'yinadigan kristallogidrat formulasi CuSO₄·nH₂O bo'lib, bu yerda n mol suv miqdorini topishimiz kerak. - 4,98 g CuSO₄: \[ \text{M (CuSO₄)} = 63.55 + 32.07 + 64 = 159.62 \, \text{g/mol} \] \[ \text{Mol} = \frac{4.98}{159.62} \approx 0.0312 \, \text{mol} \] - Agar kristallogidrat CuSO₄·5H₂O bo'lsa, n = 5 bo'lishi kerak, bu esa odatda CuSO₄ pentahidrat shaklida mavjud. **Xulosa:** Aniq va keng tarqalgan kristallogidrat formasi CuSO₄·5H₂O bo'lgani uchun, $n = 5$ to'g'ri javob hisoblanadi. **Javob:** C) 5

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Suvsiz bariy nitrat va suvli tavsiflar kimyo doirasida juda qiziqarli o'zaro aloqalarni ochadi. Mavzu haqida eshitganingizda, kimyoviy reaksiya jarayonida tuzlar kristallogidrat shaklida qanday ko'rinishga kelishini tasavvur qilib ko'ring. Tuplangan ularning ulushi, ya'ni uglerod va oltingugurtni tahmin qilish nafaqat nazariy bilim, balki haqiqiy kimyo amaliyotida ham muhim ahamiyatga ega! Kristallogidratlar ishlab chiqarish jarayonida eng ko'p kuzatiladigan muammolar biri, suvsiz va suvli birikmalarni aniq hisoblashda xato qilishdir. Agar sizni kimyo sohasida mol yoki grammasi bilan muammolar kutayotgan bo'lsa, birinchidan, avval nima ichiga qiyshiq va qanday miqdorda kiritilayotgani haqida yaxshilab o'ylab ko'ring! बल्लाने उनके ध्वनि की त्याग देते हैं, क्योंकि आप आम तौर पर कच्चे माल के साथ सही तौल क॥ भक्ति करेंगे!

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