Briefly explain these terms: 6 marks
a) Amphoteric
b) Amphiprotic
c) Dissociate
d) Strong acid
e) pH scale
f) indicator
in

Question

Briefly explain these terms: 6 marks a) Amphoteric b) Amphiprotic c) Dissociate d) Strong acid e) pH scale f) indicator in

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**a) Amphoteric**

A substance is amphoteric if it can act as both an acid and a base. For example, water, $$\ce{H2O}$$, can donate a proton (acting as an acid) or accept a proton (acting as a base).

**b) Amphiprotic**

A substance is amphiprotic if it can either donate or accept a proton. In other words, it can undergo both Brønsted-Lowry acid and base behavior. For example, the bicarbonate ion, $$\ce{HCO3^-}$$, can donate a proton to become $$\ce{CO3^{2-}}$$ or accept a proton to form $$\ce{H2CO3}$$.

**c) Dissociate**

To dissociate means to break up a compound into its constituent ions when it dissolves in a solvent, typically water. For example, when sodium chloride dissolves in water, it dissociates into $$\ce{Na^+}$$ and $$\ce{Cl^-}$$.

**d) Strong Acid**

A strong acid is an acid that completely ionizes in aqueous solution. This means that when it is dissolved in water, nearly all of its molecules donate a proton, forming hydronium ions, $$\ce{H3O^+}$$. For instance, hydrochloric acid ($$\ce{HCl}$$) is a strong acid because it dissociates entirely into $$\ce{H^+}$$ and $$\ce{Cl^-}$$ in aqueous solution.

**e) pH Scale**

The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as  
$$
\text{pH} = -\log [\ce{H^+}],
$$
where $$[\ce{H^+}]$$ is the molar concentration of hydrogen ions. A lower pH indicates an acidic solution, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a higher pH indicates a basic solution.

**f) Indicator**

An indicator is a substance that changes color in response to a change in pH. It is used to determine whether a solution is acidic, neutral, or basic by exhibiting different colors over different pH ranges.
**a) Amphoteric:** A substance that can act as both an acid and a base. **b) Amphiprotic:** A substance that can donate or accept a proton. **c) Dissociate:** To break down into ions when dissolved in a solvent. **d) Strong Acid:** An acid that fully ionizes in water, releasing hydrogen ions. **e) pH Scale:** Measures how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 to 14. **f) Indicator:** A substance that changes color with pH changes to show acidity or basicity.

Briefly explain these terms: 6 marks
a) Amphoteric
b) Amphiprotic
c) Dissociate
d) Strong acid
e) pH scale
f) indicator
in

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