0. Corrective action in a control system is brought about by some type of error. What ar three(3) possible causes of errors? ( 3 marks)

In a control system, corrective actions are initiated to address errors arising from discrepancies between the desired setpoint and the actual system output. Three possible causes of these errors include: 1. **External Disturbances:** - **Description:** Unpredictable external factors, such as environmental changes (e.g., temperature fluctuations, vibrations) or sudden load variations, can disrupt the system’s performance. - **Impact:** These disturbances introduce deviations from the desired output, necessitating corrective measures to maintain system stability. 2. **Sensor and Measurement Errors:** - **Description:** Inaccuracies or faults in sensors and measurement devices can lead to incorrect data being fed into the control system. - **Impact:** Faulty measurements cause the controller to make inappropriate adjustments, resulting in persistent or oscillating errors. 3. **Controller Imperfections:** - **Description:** Limitations or flaws in the controller’s design, such as improper tuning of PID parameters or delays in response time, can hinder effective error correction. - **Impact:** These imperfections prevent the controller from adequately compensating for deviations, leading to steady-state errors or slow response times. Addressing these error causes involves enhancing disturbance rejection, ensuring accurate sensing and measurement, and optimizing controller design to improve overall system performance.