5. How did Phillip II unite the Greek city-states? defeat t 6. What major event happened in 336 B.C.? a. Alexander the Great was born b. King Phillip II was born c. Alexander the Great died d. King Phillip II died 8. Why was Alexander the Great chosen to be the general of tt 9. After defeating King Darius III, Alexander decided to extend

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### **5. How did Philip II unite the Greek city-states?**

**Answer:**
Philip II of Macedon employed a combination of military innovation, diplomacy, and strategic alliances to unite the Greek city-states. Here are the key methods he used:

1. **Military Reforms:** Philip restructured the Macedonian army, introducing the phalanx formation with longer spears (sarissas), which made his forces highly effective in battle. This military strength deterred aggression from rival states and made Macedonia a dominant power.

2. **Diplomacy and Marriage Alliances:** He formed strategic alliances through marriages and negotiations. By marrying Olympias and other key figures, he secured loyalty and support from influential families and regions.

3. **Use of Mercenaries:** Philip employed mercenaries from different regions, which helped in both expanding his military prowess and integrating various groups under his command.

4. **League of Corinth:** In 337 B.C., Philip established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states under his leadership. This league standardized military practices, coordinated defense, and ensured that member states contributed to joint military campaigns, effectively uniting Greece under Macedonian hegemony.

5. **Suppressing Revolts:** Philip dealt decisively with rebellions and dissent within the Greek city-states, either by force or by political maneuvering, ensuring that opposition to his rule was minimized.

Through these methods, Philip II transformed Macedonia from a relatively peripheral kingdom into the dominant power in Greece, setting the stage for the later conquests of his son, Alexander the Great.

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### **6. What major event happened in 336 B.C.?**

**Answer:**
**d. King Philip II died**

**Explanation:**
In 336 B.C., King Philip II of Macedon was assassinated. His death marked a significant turning point in Greek history. Philip's son, Alexander the Great, succeeded him and went on to expand the Macedonian Empire dramatically.

- **a. Alexander the Great was born** – Incorrect. Alexander was born in 356 B.C.
- **b. King Philip II was born** – Incorrect. Philip II was born circa 382 B.C.
- **c. Alexander the Great died** – Incorrect. Alexander died in 323 B.C.
- **d. King Philip II died** – **Correct**

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### **8. Why was Alexander the Great chosen to be the general of the Macedonian army?**

**Answer:**
Alexander the Great was chosen to lead the Macedonian army due to several key factors:

1. **Exceptional Leadership Skills:** From a young age, Alexander demonstrated remarkable leadership qualities. He was charismatic, courageous, and able to inspire his troops, which are essential traits for a military commander.

2. **Military Training and Education:** Under the tutelage of his father, Philip II, and the philosopher Aristotle, Alexander received comprehensive training in both warfare and strategy. This education equipped him with the knowledge and skills necessary to lead complex military campaigns.

3. **Proven Military Prowess:** Before officially taking command, Alexander had already proven his military capabilities by leading successful campaigns alongside his father and winning significant battles, such as the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C.

4. **Philip II’s Trust and Preparation:** Philip II groomed Alexander for leadership, entrusting him with important military tasks and gradually increasing his responsibilities. This preparation ensured that Alexander was ready to take over seamlessly after Philip's death.

5. **Support from the Macedonian Nobility and Army:** Alexander had the backing of the Macedonian nobility and his soldiers, who respected his abilities and were loyal to him. This support was crucial for maintaining stability and ensuring the effectiveness of the army under his command.

These factors combined to make Alexander the ideal candidate to lead the Macedonian army, enabling him to embark on his legendary conquests.

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### **9. After defeating King Darius III, Alexander decided to extend...**

**Answer:**
**After defeating King Darius III, Alexander decided to extend his empire further into Asia, aiming to conquer the remaining territories of the Achaemenid Empire and beyond.**

**Explanation:**
Following his decisive victories over King Darius III at battles such as Issus (333 B.C.) and Gaugamela (331 B.C.), Alexander the Great pursued Darius and his fleeing forces into the heart of the Persian Empire. His objectives included:

1. **Conquering Persia:** Solidifying control over Persia by capturing key cities like Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis, and dismantling the administrative structures of the Achaemenid Empire.

2. **Expanding into Central Asia:** Moving into regions like Bactria and Sogdiana (modern-day Afghanistan and Uzbekistan) to secure his eastern frontiers and eliminate any remaining resistance.

3. **Venturing into India:** Pushing further into the Indian subcontinent to extend his empire to the Indus River, although this ultimately led to his army's reluctance to continue.

4. **Cultural Integration:** Promoting the spread of Greek culture and establishing cities (like Alexandria in Egypt) to facilitate the blending of Greek and local traditions, which contributed to the Hellenistic civilization.

Alexander's ambition was not only to conquer vast territories but also to integrate diverse cultures into his empire, leaving a lasting legacy that influenced the regions he ruled long after his death.

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If you have any more questions or need further clarification on these topics, feel free to ask!
Philip II united the Greek city-states through military reforms, strategic alliances, and establishing the League of Corinth, which standardized military practices and ensured Greek unity under Macedonian leadership. A major event in 336 B.C. was the assassination of King Philip II. Alexander the Great was chosen as the Macedonian army's general due to his exceptional leadership, military training, proven prowess, and his father's preparation and trust. After defeating King Darius III, Alexander aimed to expand his empire further into Asia, conquering the remaining Persian territories and extending his rule into Central Asia and parts of India.

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