tonic bonding: Which elements loses electrons? Which elements gain electrons?

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In ionic bonding, elements can be classified based on their tendency to lose or gain electrons:

1. **Elements that lose electrons:**
   - Typically, metals lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This is because they have few electrons in their outer shell and prefer to lose them to attain a full outer shell (usually 8 electrons, following the octet rule).
   - Common examples include:
     - Alkali metals (e.g., Sodium (Na), Potassium (K))
     - Alkaline earth metals (e.g., Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca))
     - Transition metals (e.g., Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu))

2. **Elements that gain electrons:**
   - Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to fill their outer shell and achieve stability. They have more electrons in their outer shell and require only a few more to reach a full configuration.
   - Common examples include:
     - Halogens (e.g., Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br))
     - Chalcogens (e.g., Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S))

In summary:
- **Lose electrons:** Metals (e.g., Na, Mg)
- **Gain electrons:** Nonmetals (e.g., F, O)
In ionic bonding, metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons.

tonic bonding: Which elements loses electrons? Which elements gain electrons?

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