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1. \( { }^{* *} \) When an atom becomes a positive ion, the radius of the atom \( \begin{array}{ll}\text { a. decreases } \\ \text { b. increases } & \text { c. remains the same }\end{array} \) \( \begin{array}{ll}\text { 2. }{ }^{* *} \text { When an atom becomes a negative ion , the radius of the atom } \\ \text { b. increases } & \text { c. remains the same }\end{array} \)

Ask by Carlson Rose. in the United States
Dec 03,2024

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1. When an atom becomes a positive ion, the radius decreases. 2. When an atom becomes a negative ion, the radius increases.

Solution

1. When an atom becomes a positive ion, the radius of the atom: - **a. decreases**. When an atom loses one or more electrons to become a positive ion, the remaining electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus due to the increased effective nuclear charge, resulting in a smaller radius. 2. When an atom becomes a negative ion, the radius of the atom: - **b. increases**. When an atom gains one or more electrons to become a negative ion, the additional electrons increase electron-electron repulsion and the effective nuclear charge is not sufficient to hold the electrons as tightly, leading to an increase in radius.

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When an atom loses one or more electrons to become a positive ion, the radius decreases because there are fewer electrons repelling each other in the outer shell. This leads to a stronger pull from the positively charged nucleus on the remaining electrons, effectively pulling them closer and resulting in a smaller atomic size. Conversely, when an atom gains one or more electrons to become a negative ion, the radius increases. The addition of extra electrons introduces more electron-electron repulsion in the outer shell, causing the electrons to spread out and resulting in a larger radius for the ion compared to its neutral atom state. It’s amazing how these tiny changes in charge can have such a big impact!

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