Answer these culture questions. 1. What do people do during la sobremesa? 2. Which political positions do people vote for in Puerto Rico? 3. Who does Rafael Tufiño portray in Goyita? 4. What are some quinceañera traditions? Describe at least three.

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### 1. What do people do during **la sobremesa**?

**La sobremesa** is a cherished tradition in many Spanish-speaking cultures, particularly in Spain and Latin America. The term literally translates to "the time after the meal," and it refers to the period of relaxed conversation and leisure that follows a meal, especially lunch or dinner. Here are some common activities people engage in during la sobremesa:

- **Conversation:** Family members and friends linger at the table to chat, catch up on each other's lives, discuss various topics, and enjoy each other's company. It's a time for meaningful interactions without the rush to clean up or move on to other activities.
  
- **Digestive Activities:** Often, people enjoy coffee, tea, or after-dinner drinks like liqueurs. They might also have dessert during this time, further extending the meal.
  
- **Games and Entertainment:** Sometimes, games such as card games or board games are played, or people might simply relax, take a walk, or enjoy some light entertainment together.

La sobremesa is valued for fostering social bonds, relaxation, and a sense of community among those sharing the meal.

### 2. Which political positions do people vote for in Puerto Rico?

Puerto Rico has its own distinct political system, although it is a territory of the United States. In local elections, Puerto Ricans vote for several key political positions:

- **Governor:** The chief executive of the island, responsible for the local administration and implementation of laws.

- **Resident Commissioner:** While Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the U.S. Congress, residents elect a Resident Commissioner who serves as a non-voting member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Puerto Rican interests.

- **Legislative Assembly Members:**
  - **Senators:** Members of the Puerto Rico Senate, which is the upper chamber of the Legislative Assembly.
  - **Representatives:** Members of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico, the lower chamber.

- **Mayors and Municipal Officials:** Local elections include choosing mayors (alcaldes), municipal legislators, and other local government officials for the various municipalities across the island.

- **Judges:** Judicial positions at various levels can also be part of the electoral process.

Additionally, Puerto Ricans frequently participate in referendums and plebiscites concerning the island’s political status, debating options like statehood, independence, or maintaining the current commonwealth status.

### 3. Who does Rafael Tufiño portray in **Goyita**?

Rafael Tufiño was a renowned Puerto Rican artist celebrated for his contributions to Puerto Rican art and culture. **"Goyita"** is one of his notable works. In "Goyita," Tufiño portrays a young Puerto Rican woman, embodying the essence of local beauty and identity. The artwork captures traditional and cultural elements, reflecting the artist's dedication to portraying the everyday lives and spirits of Puerto Rican people.

"Goyita" serves as a cultural symbol, representing the grace, resilience, and vibrant spirit of Puerto Rican women. Through this portrayal, Tufiño celebrates Puerto Rico's heritage and the strong sense of community and identity among its people.

### 4. What are some **quinceañera** traditions? Describe at least three.

A **quinceañera** is a significant celebration in many Latin American cultures, marking a girl's transition from childhood to young womanhood on her 15th birthday. Here are three common traditions associated with a quinceañera:

1. **The Religious Ceremony (Misa o Bendición):**
   - Many quinceañeras begin with a religious ceremony, typically a Catholic Mass, where the young woman receives blessings for her future. This rite may include prayers, hymns, and speeches from family members, emphasizing the importance of faith and community. The event is often held in a church before moving to the reception venue.

2. **The Changing of the Shoes (El Cambio de Zapatos):**
   - During the celebration, there's a symbolic moment where the quinceañera changes from flat shoes to high heels. This act represents her transition into womanhood and the new responsibilities and roles she is taking on. It's often accompanied by a special dance or presentation.

3. **The Waltz (Vals):**
   - The quinceañera and her court perform a waltz, which is a formal dance that signifies elegance and poise. Typically, the dance starts with the quinceañera dancing with her father, symbolizing her first dance as a young woman. Afterwards, she may dance with other important male figures in her life. This tradition highlights grace and the significance of familial bonds.

Other notable traditions can include the presentation of the last doll (la última muñeca), where the quinceañera receives a doll symbolizing her last toy before embracing adulthood, and the court of honor, comprised of damas and chambelanes (attendants) who support her during the celebration.

These traditions collectively honor the quinceañera's growth, heritage, and the support of her community and family as she steps into a new phase of her life.
1. **La sobremesa** is a tradition where people stay and chat after meals, often enjoying coffee, dessert, and games with family and friends. 2. In Puerto Rico, people vote for positions like the Governor, Resident Commissioner, Senators, Representatives, and local mayors and municipal officials. 3. Rafael Tufiño portrays a young Puerto Rican woman in his artwork "Goyita," symbolizing beauty and cultural identity. 4. Quinceañera traditions include a religious ceremony, changing from flat shoes to high heels to symbolize the transition to womanhood, and performing a waltz with family members.

Answer these culture questions. 1. What do people do during la sobremesa? 2. Which political positions do people vote for in Puerto Rico? 3. Who does Rafael Tufiño portray in Goyita? 4. What are some quinceañera traditions? Describe at least three.

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