5. Which one of the following factors most affects the climate of East Africa? \( \begin{array}{ll}\text { A. Distance from the sea } & \text { D. Ocean currents } \\ \text { B. Latitude } & \text { E. Winds } \\ \text { C. Altitude }\end{array} \)

Latitude plays a crucial role in determining the climate of East Africa, as it influences the amount of solar energy received throughout the year. Areas closer to the equator experience generally warmer temperatures and minimal seasonal variation, fostering diverse ecosystems such as savannas and rainforests. In addition, the region's altitude significantly affects climate patterns. High altitude areas, such as the Ethiopian Highlands or Mount Kilimanjaro, can have cooler temperatures and different precipitation patterns compared to lowland areas, impacting the flora and fauna adapted to these environments.