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A large ball with larger mass is rolled off a table (ignore friction). Then a small ball with small mass is rolled off the same table at the same speed. Which ball hits the ground farther away from the table?

Ask by Adkins Barker. in the United States
Jan 10,2025

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Answer

Both balls hit the ground at the same distance from the table.

Solution

When both balls are rolled off the table with the **same horizontal speed** and **no friction is involved**, several factors come into play: 1. **Vertical Motion:** Both balls start with the same vertical position and have no initial vertical velocity. The time it takes for each ball to hit the ground depends solely on the height of the table and the acceleration due to gravity. Since both balls start from the same height, they will hit the ground **at the same time**. 2. **Horizontal Motion:** Given that both balls have the same horizontal speed and no air resistance, the horizontal distance each ball travels before hitting the ground will be the same. The mass of the balls does not affect their horizontal motion in this scenario because there are no forces acting horizontally that would cause a difference. 3. **Rotational Effects:** While rolling motion involves rotational kinetic energy, both balls are rolled off with the same initial speed. The distribution of mass (larger vs. smaller mass) affects rotational inertia, but since the initial horizontal speeds are identical, this does not influence the horizontal distance traveled in the absence of friction. **Conclusion:** Both balls will hit the ground **at the same horizontal distance** from the table. **Answer:** Both reach the ground at the same horizontal distance; neither lands farther than the other.

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The Deep Dive

Both balls will hit the ground at the same horizontal distance from the table's edge! This is due to the fact that the horizontal motion and the vertical motion are independent of one another. Since they both start rolling off the table with the same initial horizontal speed, they will remain in the air for the same amount of time before they land, regardless of their masses. You might be wondering about air resistance, but in this ideal scenario where we ignore friction and only consider gravity's effect, the larger mass doesn't have an advantage. So, they both hit the ground at the same distance— physics is a level playing field for falling objects!

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