Which elements have atoms that are likely to form an anion?Select all that apply.Hint: Review your periodic table.A. phosphorus (P)B. chlorine (Cl)C. magnesium (Mg)D. selenium (Se)

Anions are negatively charged ions formed when nonmetals gain electrons to achieve full valence shells; Phosphorus, chlorine and selenium tend to gain electrons which result in them gaining electrons, thus leading to their conversion to anions; magnesium being metal tends to lose electrons instead creating cations, not anions.

Supplemental Knowledge:

Anions, negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, are most often formed when elements with high electronegativity located on the right side of the periodic table (non-metals) have strong tendencies to take in electrons to achieve stable electron configuration, sometimes similar to noble gases.

Periodic Table Insights: 
1. Phosphorus (P): Located in Group 15, phosphorus has five valence electrons and tends to gain three electrons to achieve a stable octet, forming \(\text { P} ^ { 3- } \). 
2. Chlorine (Cl): Located in Group 17, chlorine has seven valence electrons and tends to gain one electron to achieve a stable octet, forming \(\text { Cl} ^ { - } \). 
3. Magnesium (Mg): Located in Group 2, magnesium has two valence electrons and tends to lose these electrons to achieve a stable configuration, forming \(\text { Mg} ^ { 2+ } \). Therefore, it forms cations rather than anions. 
4. Selenium (Se): Located in Group 16, selenium has six valence electrons and tends to gain two electrons to achieve a stable octet, forming \(\text { Se} ^ { 2- } \).

Knowledge in Action:

Understanding which elements form anions is crucial in various fields such as:

- Chemistry: Predicting the behavior of elements during chemical reactions. 
- Biology: Understanding how ions like chloride play roles in physiological processes such as nerve impulse transmission.

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