14. Which one is not a barrier to policy implementation? a) Economic barriers b) Financial barriers c) Practical and technological barriers d) Legal and institutional barriers 15. Which of the following equation describes accessibility? a) Accessibility \( = \) Mobility \( \times \) Land use b) Accessibility \( = \) Connectivity \( \times \) Land use c) Accessibility \( = \) Transport \( \times \) Land use d) Accessibility \( = \) Mixture \( x \) land use Sub-total: [30 Marks] QUESTION 2 Answer the following 10 questions either 'True' or 'False'. 1. Public transport policies strive to achieve accessibility and not only mobility. 2. In traffic congestion studies, supply based strategies are those that are concerned with altering travel behavior while demand-based strategies are those that increase capacity in response to travel demand. 3. A Bus Rapid Transit system requires a huge population and dense residential developments to operate viably. 4. Air pollution, accidents, traffic congestion, fuel costs are ALL examples of external costs in transport. 5. An urban development master plan is a policy in its own right. 6. Walking, cycling, push scooters and hand carts are ALL examples of Non-Motorized

Certainly! Let's tackle each of your questions step by step. --- ### **Question 14** **Which one is not a barrier to policy implementation?** a) Economic barriers b) Financial barriers c) Practical and technological barriers d) Legal and institutional barriers **Answer:** **b) Financial barriers** **Explanation:** - **Economic barriers**, **practical and technological barriers**, and **legal and institutional barriers** are commonly recognized obstacles that can impede the implementation of policies. - **Financial barriers** are often considered a subset of economic barriers. Hence, they are not typically listed as a separate barrier but rather included within the broader economic challenges. --- ### **Question 15** **Which of the following equation describes accessibility?** a) Accessibility \( = \) Mobility \( \times \) Land use b) Accessibility \( = \) Connectivity \( \times \) Land use c) Accessibility \( = \) Transport \( \times \) Land use d) Accessibility \( = \) Mixture \( \times \) Land use **Answer:** **a) Accessibility \( = \) Mobility \( \times \) Land use** **Explanation:** - **Accessibility** is commonly defined as the ease with which people can reach desired goods, services, activities, and destinations. - The equation **Accessibility = Mobility × Land use** captures this relationship by factoring in both the transportation system's efficiency (**Mobility**) and the distribution and organization of land use. --- ### **Question 2** **Answer the following 10 questions either 'True' or 'False'.** Since only six statements are provided, I'll address those: 1. **Public transport policies strive to achieve accessibility and not only mobility.** **Answer:** **True** **Explanation:** Effective public transport policies aim to enhance **accessibility** (the ability to reach desired destinations) in addition to improving **mobility** (the movement itself). 2. **In traffic congestion studies, supply-based strategies are those that are concerned with altering travel behavior while demand-based strategies are those that increase capacity in response to travel demand.** **Answer:** **False** **Explanation:** - **Supply-based strategies** typically involve increasing the capacity of the transportation system (e.g., building new roads). - **Demand-based strategies** focus on altering travel behavior to reduce congestion (e.g., congestion pricing, promoting public transit). 3. **A Bus Rapid Transit system requires a huge population and dense residential developments to operate viably.** **Answer:** **False** **Explanation:** While higher population density can enhance the viability of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system by ensuring sufficient ridership, it doesn't necessarily require a **huge** population. BRT systems can be effective in moderately dense areas as well. 4. **Air pollution, accidents, traffic congestion, fuel costs are ALL examples of external costs in transport.** **Answer:** **True** **Explanation:** These are **negative externalities** associated with transportation that affect third parties not directly involved in the transport activity. 5. **An urban development master plan is a policy in its own right.** **Answer:** **True** **Explanation:** An **urban development master plan** serves as a comprehensive policy framework guiding the long-term development and planning of urban areas. 6. **Walking, cycling, push scooters and hand carts are ALL examples of Non-Motorized [Transport].** **Answer:** **True** **Explanation:** These are all forms of **non-motorized transport**, relying on human power rather than engines. --- Please let me know if you need further clarification on any of these answers!