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The “ritornello principle” means that
soloists also play during the ritornello sections
virtuosity must be restrained when the group is playing
ritornello and solo sections alternate
the violin acts as a solo instrument

The ritornello principle, a core element of Baroque music, revolves around the idea that the main theme (the “ritornello”) is played by the full ensemble and then alternates with sections where the soloist takes center stage. This back-and-forth creates a lively interplay between the soloist’s improvisational flair and the grounded, cohesive sound of the orchestra!

In real-world applications, this principle can be seen in concertos by composers like Vivaldi and Bach. When listening to these masterpieces, pay attention to how each ritornello reintroduces the listener to familiar themes, only to have them transformed and elaborated upon by the dazzling solos that follow. It’s like a musical conversation where everyone gets their turn to shine!