7. The Third Estate was a. made up of nobles and soldiers. c. the smallest of the estates. b. not required to pay taxes. 8. The economic crisis in France was caused by a. the failure of several economic reforms. b. the policies of Jacques Necker. c. bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars. d. the policies of the Estates-General. 9. What effect did the national debt have on France? a. It made French people dislike the British.

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Sure, I'd be happy to help you with these questions. Let's address each one individually:

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**7. The Third Estate was**

**a. made up of nobles and soldiers.**  
**b. not required to pay taxes.**  
**c. the smallest of the estates.**

**Correct Answer:** *None of the above.*

**Explanation:**  
The Third Estate in pre-revolutionary France comprised the common people, including peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie (middle class). They were actually the largest of the three estates, not the smallest. Additionally, unlike the First Estate (clergy) and the Second Estate (nobility), the Third Estate was **required** to pay taxes.

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**8. The economic crisis in France was caused by**

**a. the failure of several economic reforms.**  
**b. the policies of Jacques Necker.**  
**c. bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars.**  
**d. the policies of the Estates-General.**

**Correct Answer:** **c. bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars.**

**Explanation:**  
France faced a severe economic crisis in the late 18th century due to a combination of factors:
- **Bad Harvests:** Poor agricultural yields led to food shortages and increased bread prices, causing widespread hardship.
- **Deficit Spending:** The government accumulated significant debt from overspending.
- **Costly Wars:** Engagements like the Seven Years' War and support for the American Revolution drained the treasury.

While the failure of economic reforms and the policies of influential figures like Jacques Necker contributed to the crisis, the primary causes were the bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars.

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**9. What effect did the national debt have on France?**

**a. It made French people dislike the British.**

*(Assuming there are more options, but based on the provided information):*

**Correct Answer:**  
If only option **a** is provided, it's partially correct but incomplete. The national debt strained the French economy, leading to increased taxes and financial instability, which fueled public discontent and resentment toward the monarchy. While economic hardships can influence public sentiment towards other nations, the primary effect of the national debt was internal turmoil rather than directly causing dislike for the British.

**Explanation:**  
The mounting national debt limited the government's ability to implement effective reforms and address socioeconomic issues, contributing to the conditions that sparked the French Revolution. It led to increased taxation and economic pressure on the common people, exacerbating existing inequalities and tensions.

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If you have more options for question 9 or need further clarification on any of these topics, feel free to ask!
**7. The Third Estate was made up of common people, not nobles and soldiers. It was the largest estate and was required to pay taxes.** **8. The economic crisis in France was caused by bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars.** **9. The national debt strained the French economy, leading to increased taxes and public discontent, but did not directly make people dislike the British.**

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