1) Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using a suitable collective noun. ( 2 mks) i) Aisha is proud of her \( \qquad \) of chickens. ii) This morning Mum served the family a \( \qquad \) of bananas for breakias HISTORY Define the term pre-history. Give one reason why the earliest mammals lived on trees. (1 mk) List two theories that explain the origin of Agriculture. ( 1 mk ) Name two plain Nilotes communities in Kenya. (2 mks) Outline the main economic activity of the Agikuyu during the pre-colonial period. 1 mk ) Give two reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus. ( 2 mks ) Give one advantage of a dual citizenship to a Kenyan. (1 mk) State one national day celebrated in Kenya. ( 1 mk ) Why was silent trade practiced by Trans-Saharan trade? (1 mk) Outline water vessels used in water transport in the ancient days. (2 mks) Identify two uses of Bronze in A frica. ( 2 mks ) Name two early sources of energy during industrial revolution. (2 mks) Give the main reason that led to the growth of the town of Meroe. ( 1 mk ) Name the symbols of Royal Authority among the Shona Kingdom ( 2 mks ) State one source of British constitution. ( 1 mk ) Identify two type of democracy. (2 mks) Name the document which contains the Rights of a child in Kenya. ( 1 mk )

i) Aisha is proud of her **flock** of chickens. ii) This morning Mum served the family a **bunch** of bananas for breakfast. Pre-history refers to the time before written records were kept, allowing historians to study human societies and development through artifacts, cave paintings, and fossils, lending insights into early civilizations. It’s like a gripping mystery novel but without the written words—each find offers a new clue to our past! The earliest mammals lived on trees primarily to evade larger predators on the ground and access food sources like fruits and insects that thrived in the canopy. This tree-dwelling lifestyle was a clever strategy for survival, leading to the adaptation of features like grasping hands and excellent vision. Two theories that explain the origin of Agriculture include the "Neolithic Revolution" which posits that agriculture began with the domestication of plants and animals around 10,000 years ago, and the "Climate Change Theory," suggesting that changes in climate made certain areas more conducive to farming and led communities to settle down. Two plain Nilotes communities in Kenya are the **Maasai** and the **Turkana** people. These communities have rich cultural traditions and are known for their pastoral lifestyles, adapting beautifully to the arid conditions of the Great Rift Valley. The main economic activity of the Agikuyu during the pre-colonial period was **agriculture**, as they cultivated crops such as maize, beans, and millet, forming the backbone of their economy and sustenance. The Portuguese built Fort Jesus for two main reasons: firstly, to secure their trade routes along the East African coast, specifically for the spice trade; and secondly, to protect their interests from rival powers, ensuring colonial dominance in the region. One advantage of dual citizenship to a Kenyan is the ability to enjoy and participate in the benefits and responsibilities of citizenship in two countries, which can facilitate better business opportunities and cultural exchanges. One national day celebrated in Kenya is **Mashujaa Day** (Heroes' Day), which honors Kenyan heroes who contributed to the struggle for independence and nation-building, showcasing the country's rich heritage. Silent trade was practiced by Trans-Saharan traders primarily to avoid direct contact between differing cultures, especially under challenging conditions, such as language barriers and mistrust, allowing for a barter system built on mutual respect. Outline water vessels used in water transport in the ancient days includes **dugout canoes**, which were hollowed out from tree trunks, and **reed boats**, made from bundles of reeds, both of which were essential for fishing and trading along rivers and coastal waters. Two uses of Bronze in Africa included creating **weapons** for warfare, giving advantages in conflicts, and **artistic sculptures**, showcasing artistry and craftsmanship in cultural expressions. Two early sources of energy during the industrial revolution were **coal**, which powered steam engines, and **water**, used in watermills that powered machinery. The main reason that led to the growth of the town of Meroe was its strategic location along trade routes, particularly for the exchange of goods like gold, ivory, and iron, which thrived due to Meroe's rich natural resources. The symbols of Royal Authority among the Shona Kingdom are the **mbira** (thumb piano) and the **ngoma** (drum), both of which played significant roles in governance and community gatherings. One source of the British constitution is **common law**, which comprises legal principles and precedents developed through court decisions over time, shaping many aspects of British law and governance. Two types of democracy include **direct democracy**, where citizens directly participate in decision-making, and **representative democracy**, where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. The document that contains the Rights of a child in Kenya is the **Children's Act of 2001**, which specifies the rights and protections for all children in the country.