For the linear transformation \( L: \mathbb{R}^{2} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{3} \) given by \[ L((x, y))=(x+2 y,-x, 0) \] find the matrix \( A_{B C} \) for \( L \) with respect to the bases \[ B=\{(1,3),(-2,4)\}, C=\{(1,1,1),(2,2,0),(3,0,0)\} \]
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To find the matrix \( A_{BC} \) of the linear transformation \( L \) with respect to the bases \( B \) and \( C \), we need to follow these steps: 1. **Determine the images of the basis vectors in \( B \) under \( L \).** 2. **Express each of these resulting vectors in terms of the basis \( C \).** 3. **Construct the matrix using the coefficients from the second step.** ### Step 1: Compute \( L \) on the basis vectors in \( B \) The basis \( B \) consists of the vectors \( (1, 3) \) and \( (-2, 4) \). - For \( (1, 3) \): \[ L((1, 3)) = (1 + 2 \cdot 3, -1, 0) = (1 + 6, -1, 0) = (7, -1, 0) \] - For \( (-2, 4) \): \[ L((-2, 4)) = (-2 + 2 \cdot 4, -(-2), 0) = (-2 + 8, 2, 0) = (6, 2, 0) \] ### Step 2: Express the results in terms of the basis \( C \) The basis \( C \) consists of the vectors \( (1, 1, 1) \), \( (2, 2, 0) \), and \( (3, 0, 0) \). **Express \( L((1, 3)) = (7, -1, 0) \) in terms of \( C \)**: We need to find scalars \( a, b, c \) such that: \[ a(1, 1, 1) + b(2, 2, 0) + c(3, 0, 0) = (7, -1, 0). \] This gives us the system of equations: 1. \( a + 2b + 3c = 7 \) 2. \( a + 2b = -1 \) 3. \( a = 0 \) (from the third component) From the third equation, we substitute \( a = 0 \) into the second equation: \[ 0 + 2b = -1 \implies b = -\frac{1}{2}. \] Now substituting \( a = 0 \) and \( b = -\frac{1}{2} \) into the first equation: \[ 0 + 2\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) + 3c = 7 \implies -1 + 3c = 7 \implies 3c = 8 \implies c = \frac{8}{3}. \] Thus, we have: \[ L((1, 3)) = 0(1, 1, 1) - \frac{1}{2}(2, 2, 0) + \frac{8}{3}(3, 0, 0). \] The coefficients are \( (0, -\frac{1}{2}, \frac{8}{3}) \). **Express \( L((-2, 4)) = (6, 2, 0) \) in terms of \( C \)**: Similarly, we want \( d, e, f \) such that: \[ d(1, 1, 1) + e(2, 2, 0) + f(3, 0, 0) = (6, 2, 0). \] This gives us another system: 1. \( d + 2e + 3f = 6 \) 2. \( d + 2e = 2 \) 3. \( d = 0 \) From the third equation again, \( d = 0 \). Substituting into the second: \[ 0 + 2e = 2 \implies e = 1. \] Now substituting into the first: \[ 0 + 2(1) + 3f = 6 \implies 2 + 3f = 6 \implies 3f = 4 \implies f = \frac{4}{3}. \] Thus: \[ L((-2, 4)) = 0(1, 1, 1) + 1(2, 2, 0) + \frac{4}{3}(3, 0, 0) \] gives the coefficients \( (0, 1