Name the substances that are produced by the body, which destro harmful viruses and bacteria.

The human body is equipped with a sophisticated immune system that produces various substances to identify, neutralize, and eliminate harmful viruses and bacteria. Here are some key substances involved in this defense mechanism: 1. **Antibodies (Immunoglobulins):** - **Description:** Proteins produced by B cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to specific antigens (foreign substances). - **Function:** Bind to pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells and neutralizing toxins produced by bacteria. 2. **Interferons:** - **Description:** A group of signaling proteins released by virus-infected cells. - **Function:** Help nearby cells resist viral infections by activating immune responses and increasing the presentation of antigens to immune cells. 3. **Complement Proteins:** - **Description:** A series of plasma proteins that work in a cascade to assist the immune system. - **Function:** Enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane. 4. **Cytokines:** - **Description:** Small signaling molecules released by various cells, including immune cells. - **Function:** Regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells), coordinating the body's response to infections. 5. **Lysozyme:** - **Description:** An enzyme found in various body fluids like saliva, tears, and mucus. - **Function:** Breaks down the cell walls of certain bacteria, leading to their destruction. 6. **Defensins:** - **Description:** Small antimicrobial peptides produced by a variety of cells, including epithelial cells and immune cells. - **Function:** Disrupt the membranes of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, leading to their inactivation. 7. **Natural Killer (NK) Cell Products:** - **Perforin and Granzymes:** - **Description:** Molecules released by NK cells, a type of lymphocyte. - **Function:** Perforin forms pores in the membranes of infected or cancerous cells, allowing granzymes to enter and induce programmed cell death (apoptosis). 8. **Acidic Stomach Juices:** - **Description:** Primarily hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach lining. - **Function:** Kills or inhibits many pathogens that enter the body through ingestion of food and drink. 9. **Mucins:** - **Description:** Glycoproteins found in mucus secretions. - **Function:** Trap microbes and prevent their entry into the body, facilitating their removal through physical means. 10. **Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS):** - **Description:** Highly reactive molecules produced by phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils and macrophages). - **Function:** Damage and kill engulfed pathogens during the respiratory burst. These substances work in concert as part of the body's innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immune responses to protect against a wide array of microbial threats.