Question
01/16

Antigens are made from which macromolecule?
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids

Antigens are primarily made from proteins, which play a crucial role in the immune response. They can also be derived from carbohydrates, lipids, or nucleic acids, but protein-based antigens are the most common in eliciting an immune response, as they can be recognized by antibodies and T-cells. When pathogens like bacteria or viruses invade the body, their unique protein structures trigger the production of specific antibodies targeting those antigens, helping to protect against infection.

In the real world, understanding antigens is vital in developing vaccines. For instance, the flu vaccine contains small amounts of flu virus proteins (antigens) that stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight the actual virus if encountered in the future. This concept is also applied in other vaccines, including those for COVID-19, where antigens are used to train our immune systems to provide quick and effective responses during exposure.