1. (i) Define the term interthrs INSTRUCTION; Answer any three questions intergavemmemtal 2. Fin the unity of Nigeria. 2. Enumerate four major problems of intergovernmental relations and explain how it can be addressed. 3. What are the possible ways of resolving the observed issuies of conflicts among argans of govemment? 4. Using any two models of your choice, explain the dilfernces that exisf nanong tham with regards to intergoverumental relations. 5. Detnonstrate your understanding of the contemporary isues in Nigeria with regards to any two of the following: (i) Nationat security (ii) Mipimum wage (iii) Severeipn Wealth Fund/Act (iv) The fssue of secession.

Let's break down your questions step by step and provide detailed answers. ### 1. Define the term intergovernmental relations (IGR) **Intergovernmental relations (IGR)** refer to the interactions and relationships between different levels of government within a political system, such as federal, state, and local governments. These relations can involve cooperation, negotiation, and conflict over policy-making, resource allocation, and implementation of laws and regulations. ### 2. Find the unity of Nigeria The unity of Nigeria can be defined as the collective sense of belonging and togetherness among the diverse ethnic, cultural, and religious groups within the country. It emphasizes the importance of national identity and cohesion despite the differences that exist among the various groups. Unity in Nigeria is crucial for national development, peace, and stability. ### 3. Enumerate four major problems of intergovernmental relations and explain how they can be addressed 1. **Resource Allocation Conflicts**: Disputes often arise over the distribution of resources among different levels of government. - **Solution**: Establish clear guidelines and equitable formulas for resource sharing that consider the needs of all regions. 2. **Policy Implementation Issues**: Different levels of government may have conflicting policies, leading to inefficiencies. - **Solution**: Foster collaboration through intergovernmental agreements and joint task forces to ensure coherent policy implementation. 3. **Communication Barriers**: Lack of effective communication can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. - **Solution**: Create formal channels for communication and regular meetings among government officials at different levels. 4. **Political Rivalries**: Political differences can hinder cooperation between governments. - **Solution**: Promote bipartisan initiatives and encourage dialogue to build trust and understanding among political leaders. ### 4. Possible ways of resolving conflicts among organs of government 1. **Mediation and Negotiation**: Engaging neutral third parties to facilitate discussions and find common ground. 2. **Judicial Intervention**: Utilizing the judiciary to resolve disputes based on constitutional provisions and legal frameworks. 3. **Legislative Oversight**: Strengthening the role of legislative bodies to monitor and address conflicts through hearings and investigations. 4. **Intergovernmental Agreements**: Establishing formal agreements that outline the roles and responsibilities of each government organ to prevent conflicts. ### 5. Differences among two models of intergovernmental relations **Model 1: Cooperative Federalism** - In this model, different levels of government work together to achieve common goals. There is a high degree of collaboration, and responsibilities are often shared. - **Example**: Joint funding for infrastructure projects where federal and state governments collaborate. **Model 2: Dual Federalism** - This model emphasizes the distinct and separate roles of different levels of government. Each level operates independently within its own sphere of authority. - **Example**: Federal government handles national defense, while state governments manage education. ### 6. Contemporary issues in Nigeria **i. National Security** - Nigeria faces significant challenges related to terrorism, banditry, and communal violence. The government must enhance intelligence gathering, improve military capabilities, and foster community engagement to address these issues. **ii. Minimum Wage** - The debate over minimum wage in Nigeria highlights the struggle between economic realities and the need for fair compensation. Addressing this requires a balanced approach that considers the cost of living and the economic capacity of employers. These answers provide a comprehensive overview of the questions posed, addressing key issues related to intergovernmental relations and contemporary challenges in Nigeria.