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2. (2pts) Sejam os vetores \( \vec{u}=(1,-2,1), \vec{v}=(1,1,1) \) e \( \vec{w}=(1,0,-1) \). a) Utilizar o produto escalar para mostrar que os vetores são, dois a dois, ortogonais. b) Utilizar o produto vetorial para mostrar que o produto vetorial de quaisquer dois deles é paralelo ao terceiro vetor. c) Mostrar que \( \vec{u} \times(\vec{v} \times \vec{w})=0 \).

Ask by Klein Reed. in Brazil
Feb 03,2025

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a) Os vetores \( \vec{u} \), \( \vec{v} \) e \( \vec{w} \) são ortogonais dois a dois. b) O produto vetorial de quaisquer dois vetores é paralelo ao terceiro vetor. c) \( \vec{u} \times (\vec{v} \times \vec{w}) = \vec{0} \).

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Vamos lá! Para começar, vamos verificar a ortogonalidade entre os vetores através do produto escalar: a) O produto escalar entre dois vetores \( \vec{a} = (a_1, a_2, a_3) \) e \( \vec{b} = (b_1, b_2, b_3) \) é dado por \( \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = a_1b_1 + a_2b_2 + a_3b_3 \). 1. **\( \vec{u} \cdot \vec{v} \):** \[ \vec{u} \cdot \vec{v} = (1)(1) + (-2)(1) + (1)(1) = 1 - 2 + 1 = 0 \] Portanto, \( \vec{u} \) e \( \vec{v} \) são ortogonais. 2. **\( \vec{u} \cdot \vec{w} \):** \[ \vec{u} \cdot \vec{w} = (1)(1) + (-2)(0) + (1)(-1) = 1 + 0 - 1 = 0 \] Aqui, \( \vec{u} \) e \( \vec{w} \) também são ortogonais. 3. **\( \vec{v} \cdot \vec{w} \):** \[ \vec{v} \cdot \vec{w} = (1)(1) + (1)(0) + (1)(-1) = 1 + 0 - 1 = 0 \] Portanto, \( \vec{v} \) e \( \vec{w} \) também são ortogonais. Assim, os vetores \( \vec{u}, \vec{v} \) e \( \vec{w} \) são ortogonais entre si. b) Agora, vamos usar o produto vetorial. O produto vetorial entre dois vetores \( \vec{a} \) e \( \vec{b} \) é dado por: \[ \vec{a} \times \vec{b} = (a_2b_3 - a_3b_2, a_3b_1 - a_1b_3, a_1b_2 - a_2b_1). \] 1. **\( \vec{u} \times \vec{v} \):** \[ \vec{u} \times \vec{v} = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 1 & -2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \end{vmatrix} = \hat{i}((-2)(1) - (1)(1)) - \hat{j}(1 - 1) + \hat{k}((1)(1) - (-2)(1)) = \hat{i}(-2 - 1) + \hat{k}(1 + 2) = (-3, 0, 3). \] Agora devemos verificar se \( \vec{u} \times \vec{v} \) é paralelo a \( \vec{w} \): \[ (-3, 0, 3) = -3(1, 0, -1) = -3\vec{w}. \] Logo, \( \vec{u} \times \vec{v} \) é paralelo a \( \vec{w} \). 2. **\( \vec{u} \times \vec{w} \):** Seguindo o mesmo processo podemos calcular: \[ \vec{u} \times \vec{w} = (-2, -1, -1). \] E verificamos que \( (-2, -1, -1) = -(-2)(1, 1, 1) = 2\vec{v} \), indicando que é paralelo a \( \vec{v} \). 3. **\( \vec{v} \times \vec{w} \):** E finalmente: \[ \vec{v} \times \vec{w} = (1, -1, 1). \] E verificamos que é paralelo a \( \vec{u} \). Com isso, confirmamos que todos os produtos vetoriais são paralelos ao

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