4. All of the following require standard precautions EXCEPT: Intact skin

Standard precautions are essentially the safety blanket of healthcare, designed to keep both patients and providers safe from infectious diseases. They include practices like hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and proper disposal of sharps. Intact skin is like a superhero cape; it acts as the body's first line of defense and doesn't require these precautions unless it's compromised. In the real world, understanding these practices is crucial! For example, in hospitals, healthcare workers must practice standard precautions during procedures, even when they believe they're handling healthy patients. Skipping these measures can lead to unintended outbreaks, so everyone's gotta stay vigilant—even if someone looks healthy on the outside!