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The accompanying table shows results of challenged referee calls in a major tennis tournament. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the
gender of the tennis player is independent of whether a call is overturned.
Click the icon to view the table.
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses.
A. Male tennis players are more successful in overturning calls than female players.
B. Male tennis players are not more successful in overturning calls than female players.
Male tennis players are more successful in overturning calls than female players.
C. The gender of the tennis player is not independent of whether a call is overturned.
The gender of the tennis player is independent of whether a call is overturned.
D. : The gender of the tennis player is independent of whether a call is overturned.
: The gender of the tennis player is not independent of whether a call is overturned.

Ask by Mejia Parry. in the United States
Mar 24,2025

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Answer

The null hypothesis ( ) is that the gender of the tennis player is independent of whether a call is overturned. The alternative hypothesis ( ) is that the gender of the tennis player is not independent of whether a call is overturned.
So, the correct hypotheses are:
The gender of the tennis player is independent of whether a call is overturned.
The gender of the tennis player is not independent of whether a call is overturned.
This corresponds to option D.

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Bonus Knowledge

To test the claim about the relationship between the gender of tennis players and the overturning of referee calls, we’re looking for the correct null and alternative hypotheses.
The correct option is:
D. : The gender of the tennis player is independent of whether a call is overturned.
: The gender of the tennis player is not independent of whether a call is overturned.

This appropriately establishes the independence hypothesis for statistical testing.
Now, shifting gears to a bit of history:
Did you know that the use of line judges and video technology in tennis has evolved significantly since the game began? Back in the 1870s, all calls were made by referees and players themselves, leading to disputes and controversies on court. The introduction of Hawk-Eye technology in the 2000s revolutionized the game, allowing players to challenge calls with a high degree of accuracy, bringing us closer to the objective decision-making we see today!
And speaking of real-world application:
Understanding this statistical test can be crucial beyond tennis; it applies in various fields like healthcare, marketing, and social sciences. For instance, researchers use similar methods to analyze whether patient outcomes are independent of treatment types or if consumer preferences are influenced by demographic factors. So, mastering this can help you draw meaningful conclusions across many scenarios!

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