Question
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g. On one job, the builder adjusts his template so that \( h(x)=2.2+1.5 \times 3^{-k x} \) where \( x \in[0,2] \). There is a specific requirement on this job that the minimum height of the verandah roof, where it is attached to the posts, must be greater than 2.3 metres and less than 2.4 metres. Find the possible values of \( k \) correct to three decimal places.

Ask by Chambers Summers. in Australia
Nov 23,2024

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Answer

The possible values of \( k \) are between -0.918 and 1.237, rounded to three decimal places.

Solution

To find the possible values of \( k \) such that the minimum height of the verandah roof is between 2.3 and 2.4 meters, we need to analyze the function \( h(x) = 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-kx} \) over the interval \( x \in [0, 2] \). The function \( h(x) \) is a decreasing exponential function because the base of the exponent is between 0 and 1 (specifically \( 3^{-kx} \)). This means that as \( x \) increases, \( h(x) \) decreases. Therefore, the minimum value of \( h(x) \) will occur at the upper bound of the interval, \( x = 2 \). We want to find the values of \( k \) such that: \[ 2.3 < h(2) < 2.4 \] Let's calculate \( h(2) \) and then solve for \( k \). \[ h(2) = 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-2k} \] Now, we set up two inequalities: 1. \( 2.3 < 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-2k} \) 2. \( 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-2k} < 2.4 \) Let's solve each inequality separately. For the first inequality: \[ 2.3 < 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-2k} \] \[ 0.1 < 1.5 \times 3^{-2k} \] \[ \frac{0.1}{1.5} < 3^{-2k} \] \[ \frac{1}{15} < 3^{-2k} \] Taking the natural logarithm of both sides: \[ \ln\left(\frac{1}{15}\right) < -2k \ln(3) \] \[ -\ln(15) < -2k \ln(3) \] \[ \frac{\ln(15)}{2 \ln(3)} > k \] For the second inequality: \[ 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-2k} < 2.4 \] \[ 1.5 \times 3^{-2k} < 0.2 \] \[ 3^{-2k} < \frac{0.2}{1.5} \] \[ 3^{-2k} < \frac{2}{15} \] Taking the natural logarithm of both sides: \[ \ln\left(3^{-2k}\right) < \ln\left(\frac{2}{15}\right) \] \[ -2k \ln(3) < \ln(2) - \ln(15) \] \[ \frac{\ln(2) - \ln(15)}{2 \ln(3)} > k \] Now we have two inequalities for \( k \): \[ k < \frac{\ln(15)}{2 \ln(3)} \] \[ k > \frac{\ln(2) - \ln(15)}{2 \ln(3)} \] Let's calculate the values of \( k \) using a calculator: \[ k < \frac{\ln(15)}{2 \ln(3)} \approx \frac{2.7080503}{2 \times 1.0986123} \approx \frac{2.7080503}{2.1972246} \approx 1.237 \] \[ k > \frac{\ln(2) - \ln(15)}{2 \ln(3)} \approx \frac{0.6931472 - 2.7080503}{2 \times 1.0986123} \approx \frac{-2.0149031}{2.1972246} \approx -0.918 \] Therefore, the possible values of \( k \) are such that: \[ -0.918 < k < 1.237 \] Rounded to three decimal places, the possible values of \( k \) are: \[ -0.918 < k < 1.237 \]

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Beyond the Answer

To solve for the possible values of \( k \) such that the minimum height \( h(x) \) falls between 2.3 and 2.4 metres, we start by identifying the function: \[ h(x) = 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-kx} \] We need to determine the values of \( k \) for which: \[ 2.3 < h(x) < 2.4 \] First, let's rewrite the inequalities: 1. **For the lower bound**: \[ h(x) > 2.3 \] Thus, \[ 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-kx} > 2.3 \] This simplifies to: \[ 1.5 \times 3^{-kx} > 0.1 \] \[ 3^{-kx} > \frac{0.1}{1.5} \approx 0.06667 \] Taking the logarithm on both sides gives: \[ -kx \log(3) > \log(0.06667) \] Rearranging gives us: \[ kx < -\frac{\log(0.06667)}{\log(3)} \] 2. **For the upper bound**: \[ h(x) < 2.4 \] This means: \[ 2.2 + 1.5 \times 3^{-kx} < 2.4 \] Which simplifies to: \[ 1.5 \times 3^{-kx} < 0.2 \] \[ 3^{-kx} < \frac{0.2}{1.5} \approx 0.13333 \] Taking logarithm leads to: \[ -kx \log(3) < \log(0.13333) \] Rearranging gives us: \[ kx > -\frac{\log(0.13333)}{\log(3)} \] Now for \( x \) in the interval \( [0, 2] \): - At \( x=0 \): - Lower Bound: \( 0 < -\frac{\log(0.06667)}{\log(3)} \) - Upper Bound: \( 0 > -\frac{\log(0.13333)}{\log(3)} \) - At \( x=2 \): - Lower Bound: \( 2k < -\frac{\log(0.06667)}{\log(3)} \) - Upper Bound: \( 2k > -\frac{\log(0.13333)}{\log(3)} \) Calculating logarithms: - \(\log(0.06667) \approx -1.176\) and \(\log(0.13333) \approx -0.876\) - \(\log(3) \approx 0.477\) Thus: 1. **Lower Bound**: \( 2k < \frac{1.176}{0.477} \approx 2.465 \) \( k < 1.2325 \) 2. **Upper Bound**: \( 2k > \frac{0.876}{0.477} \approx 1.835 \) \( k > 0.9175 \) Finally, putting these bounds together yields: \[ 0.918 < k < 1.233 \] Therefore, in rounding to three decimal places, the possible values of \( k \) are \( k \in (0.919, 1.232) \).

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