In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? a) Control theory b) Labeling theory c) Strain theory d) Differential Association

The scenario described aligns most closely with **Labeling Theory**. **Labeling Theory** posits that individuals become identified or labeled based on the perceptions and judgments of others, particularly authority figures like teachers. Once labeled as "problem" or "deviant," individuals may internalize this label, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy where they continue to behave in ways that confirm the label. In Scott's case, being unfairly singled out and labeled due to his brothers' behavior likely contributed to his negative self-image and eventual dropout from school. The other theories are less applicable: - **Control Theory** focuses on the strength of social bonds and how their absence can lead to deviant behavior. - **Strain Theory** deals with the pressures individuals face to achieve socially accepted goals when they lack the means. - **Differential Association** emphasizes learning deviant behavior through interactions with others. **Answer:** b) Labeling theory