Cancer has increased in size and/or reached nearby lymph nodes in TNM a. Stage 2 b. Stage 4 c. Stage 1 d. Stage 3

In the TNM staging system, when cancer has increased in size or spread to nearby lymph nodes, it is classified as Stage 3. This stage indicates a more advanced disease and often requires a more aggressive treatment approach, which can include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Understanding these stages is crucial, as they guide treatment decisions and help predict patient outcomes. For instance, Stage 1 typically has the best prognosis, as the cancer is localized, while Stage 4 indicates metastatic disease, meaning it has spread to distant sites in the body.