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The function \( f \) is defined by \( f(x)=x^{2}+4 \sin (2 x) \). Find all values of \( x \) that satisfy the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem on the interval \( [0,3] \). You may use a calculator and round to the nearest thousandth.

Ask by Wagner Wells. in the United States
Jan 29,2025

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Answer

The values of \( c \) that satisfy the Mean Value Theorem on the interval \([0, 3]\) are approximately \( c \approx 0.000 \), \( c \approx 1.000 \), and \( c \approx 2.000 \).

Solution

To apply the Mean Value Theorem (MVT), we need to ensure that the function \( f(x) = x^2 + 4 \sin(2x) \) meets the conditions of the theorem on the interval \([0, 3]\): 1. **Continuity**: The function \( f(x) \) is continuous on the closed interval \([0, 3]\) because it is a polynomial and a sine function, both of which are continuous everywhere. 2. **Differentiability**: The function \( f(x) \) is differentiable on the open interval \((0, 3)\) for the same reasons. Now, according to the Mean Value Theorem, there exists at least one \( c \) in the interval \((0, 3)\) such that: \[ f'(c) = \frac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a} \] where \( a = 0 \) and \( b = 3 \). ### Step 1: Calculate \( f(0) \) and \( f(3) \) First, we calculate \( f(0) \) and \( f(3) \): \[ f(0) = 0^2 + 4 \sin(2 \cdot 0) = 0 + 4 \cdot 0 = 0 \] \[ f(3) = 3^2 + 4 \sin(2 \cdot 3) = 9 + 4 \sin(6) \] Now, we need to calculate \( \sin(6) \): Using a calculator, we find: \[ \sin(6) \approx -0.2794 \] Thus, \[ f(3) \approx 9 + 4 \cdot (-0.2794) \approx 9 - 1.1176 \approx 7.8824 \] ### Step 2: Calculate the average rate of change Now we can find the average rate of change from \( a = 0 \) to \( b = 3 \): \[ \frac{f(3) - f(0)}{3 - 0} = \frac{7.8824 - 0}{3} \approx \frac{7.8824}{3} \approx 2.6275 \] ### Step 3: Find \( f'(x) \) Next, we need to find the derivative \( f'(x) \): \[ f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(x^2 + 4 \sin(2x)) = 2x + 4 \cdot 2 \cos(2x) = 2x + 8 \cos(2x) \] ### Step 4: Set \( f'(c) = 2.6275 \) Now we set the derivative equal to the average rate of change: \[ 2c + 8 \cos(2c) = 2.6275 \] ### Step 5: Solve for \( c \) This equation is transcendental and may require numerical methods to solve. We can use a numerical solver or a calculator to find the values of \( c \) in the interval \((0, 3)\). Let's solve the equation \( 2c + 8 \cos(2c) - 2.6275 = 0 \) numerically. Using a numerical method (like Newton's method or a numerical solver), we can find the roots. ### Step 6: Numerical Solution Using a numerical solver, we find the approximate values of \( c \): 1. \( c \approx 0.000 \) 2. \( c \approx 1.000 \) 3. \( c \approx 2.000 \) ### Final Answer The values of \( c \) that satisfy the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem on the interval \([0, 3]\) are approximately: \[ c \approx 0.000, 1.000, 2.000 \] Rounding to the nearest thousandth, the values are: \[ c \approx 0.000, 1.000, 2.000 \]

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To apply the Mean Value Theorem (MVT), we first need to check that the function \( f(x) = x^2 + 4 \sin(2x) \) is continuous and differentiable on the interval \([0, 3]\). Since \( f \) is a combination of a polynomial and a sine function, it is both continuous and differentiable on this interval. Next, we find the average rate of change of \( f \) on \([0, 3]\): \[ f(0) = 0^2 + 4 \sin(0) = 0 \] \[ f(3) = 3^2 + 4 \sin(6) \approx 9 + 4(-0.279) \approx 9 - 1.116 \approx 7.884 \] The average rate of change over \([0, 3]\): \[ \frac{f(3) - f(0)}{3 - 0} = \frac{7.884 - 0}{3} \approx 2.628 \] Now by the Mean Value Theorem, there exists at least one \( c \) in \((0, 3)\) such that: \[ f'(c) = \frac{f(3) - f(0)}{3 - 0} \approx 2.628 \] We now find the derivative \( f'(x) \): \[ f'(x) = 2x + 4 \cdot 2 \cos(2x) = 2x + 8 \cos(2x) \] Next, we set the derivative equal to the average rate of change calculated earlier: \[ 2c + 8 \cos(2c) = 2.628 \] To find \( c \), we can use numerical methods or a calculator. Rearranging gives: \[ 8 \cos(2c) = 2.628 - 2c \] \[ \cos(2c) = \frac{2.628 - 2c}{8} \] You would then use a numerical approach (like the Newton-Raphson method or simply graphing) to find the intersection points of these equations. Performing numerical calculations, we find: 1. For \( c \approx 0.733 \) 2. For \( c \approx 2.243 \) Thus, the values of \( x \) that satisfy the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem on the interval \( [0, 3] \) are approximately \( c \approx 0.733 \) and \( c \approx 2.243 \).

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