Q8. Concentrated hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 12.1 moles per liter, How many milliliters of the concentrated acid should be used to create 3.25 L of a 0.100 M solution? (2 marks)

To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of molarity and volume to determine the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid required to create a 0.100 M solution. Given: - Concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid = 12.1 moles per liter - Volume of the solution to be created = 3.25 L - Molarity of the solution to be created = 0.100 M Let's denote the volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid to be used as \(V\) liters. The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Therefore, the number of moles of hydrochloric acid required to create 3.25 L of 0.100 M solution is: \[ \text{Number of moles} = \text{Molarity} \times \text{Volume} \] \[ \text{Number of moles} = 0.100 \, \text{M} \times 3.25 \, \text{L} \] Now, we can calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid required: \[ \text{Number of moles} = 0.100 \times 3.25 = 0.325 \, \text{moles} \] Since the concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid is 12.1 moles per liter, the volume of concentrated acid required can be calculated as: \[ V = \frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Concentration}} \] \[ V = \frac{0.325 \, \text{moles}}{12.1 \, \text{moles/L}} \] Now, we can calculate the volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid required to create 3.25 L of 0.100 M solution. Calculate the value by following steps: - step0: Calculate: \(\frac{0.325}{12.1}\) - step1: Convert the expressions: \(\frac{\frac{13}{40}}{\frac{121}{10}}\) - step2: Multiply by the reciprocal: \(\frac{13}{40}\times \frac{10}{121}\) - step3: Reduce the numbers: \(\frac{13}{4}\times \frac{1}{121}\) - step4: Multiply the fractions: \(\frac{13}{4\times 121}\) - step5: Multiply: \(\frac{13}{484}\) The volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid required to create 3.25 L of 0.100 M solution is approximately 0.02686 liters or 26.86 milliliters.