Which parts of Africa saw rebellions against European rule?

African history is marked by numerous rebellions and resistance movements against European colonial rule. These uprisings occurred across various regions of the continent, each with its unique causes, leaders, and impacts. Below is an overview of some significant rebellions against European powers in different parts of Africa: ### **North Africa** - **Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962):** One of the most protracted and violent struggles against French colonial rule. Led by the National Liberation Front (FLN), the war resulted in Algeria gaining independence in 1962. - **Moroccan Resistance:** Throughout the early 20th century, various nationalist movements in Morocco resisted French and Spanish colonization, culminating in the country's independence in 1956. ### **West Africa** - **Ashanti Wars (1824-1900):** In present-day Ghana, the Ashanti Empire resisted British colonization through a series of conflicts. The wars ended with the incorporation of Ashanti territories into the British Gold Coast colony. - **Aba Women’s War (1929):** Also known as the Women’s Market Revolt, this was a significant protest by Igbo women in southeastern Nigeria against British colonial taxation and economic policies. - **Maji Maji Rebellion (1905-1907):** Although primarily in East Africa (present-day Tanzania), it's worth noting due to its regional impact. Indigenous groups formed a unified front against German colonial rule, led by local religious leaders advocating for a magical protection against European weapons. ### **Central Africa** - **Congo Free State Uprisings (Late 19th - Early 20th Century):** Under King Leopold II of Belgium, the Congo Free State faced numerous revolts due to exploitative economic practices and brutal treatment. These uprisings eventually led to international outcry and the Belgian government taking control, forming the Belgian Congo in 1908. - **Nkala Rebellion (1959):** In the Belgian-administered Congo, the Nkala people rebelled against colonial authorities, contributing to the escalating tensions that eventually led to Congo’s independence in 1960. ### **East Africa** - **Mau Mau Uprising (1952-1960):** A significant revolt in Kenya against British colonial rule, primarily led by the Kikuyu people. The uprising involved guerrilla warfare and led to widespread political and social changes, ultimately contributing to Kenya’s independence in 1963. - **Eritrean Struggle for Independence (1961-1991):** Though primarily led by indigenous Eritreans, this prolonged con