INTRODUCTION LABORATORY SIMULATION If yóu hear an abnormal second heart sound, which valves could be affected? Select all that apply. $$ \square $$ A. Right AV valve B. Pulmonary semilunar valve C. Aortic semilunar valve D. Left AV valve

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The second heart sound (S₂), often described as "dub," primarily results from the closure of the semilunar valves—the **aortic** and **pulmonary** valves. An abnormal second heart sound can indicate issues with these valves.

**Affected Valves:**
- **B. Pulmonary semilunar valve**
- **C. Aortic semilunar valve**

**Explanation:**
- **Second Heart Sound (S₂):** Caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves.
- **Abnormalities in S₂:** May suggest problems like valve stenosis, regurgitation, or other dysfunctions related to the semilunar valves.

**Not Affected:**
- **A. Right AV valve** and **D. Left AV valve** are associated with the first heart sound (S₁), which is the "lub" sound caused by the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid and mitral valves, respectively).

**Correct Options:**
- **B. Pulmonary semilunar valve**
- **C. Aortic semilunar valve**

## Answer

Both options B and C are correct.

**Selected Answers:**
- B. Pulmonary semilunar valve
- C. Aortic semilunar valve
The abnormal second heart sound can be caused by issues with the pulmonary semilunar valve and the aortic semilunar valve. So, select options B and C.

INTRODUCTION LABORATORY SIMULATION If yóu hear an abnormal second heart sound, which valves could be affected? Select all that apply. \( \square \) A. Right AV valve B. Pulmonary semilunar valve C. Aortic semilunar valve D. Left AV valve

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