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18) Given the function \( f(x)=x^{4}-x^{2}+3 \), which of the following is true? \( \begin{array}{ll}\text { A) }-\mathrm{f}(-x)=\mathrm{f}(x) & \text { C) } \mathrm{f}(x)=\mathrm{f}^{2}(x) \\ \text { B) }-\mathrm{f}(x)=\mathrm{f}(x) & \text { D) } \mathrm{f}(-x)=\mathrm{f}(x)\end{array} \)

Ask by Rowe Maxwell. in the United States
Jan 24,2025

Real Tutor Solution

Tutor-Verified Answer

Answer

Only statement D is true: \( f(-x) = f(x) \).

Solution

Let's analyze each option for the function \( f(x) = x^4 - x^2 + 3 \): **Option A: \( -f(-x) = f(x) \)** First, compute \( f(-x) \): \[ f(-x) = (-x)^4 - (-x)^2 + 3 = x^4 - x^2 + 3 = f(x) \] So, \[ -f(-x) = -f(x) \] This implies \( -f(x) = f(x) \), which would only be true if \( f(x) = 0 \). However: \[ f(0) = 0^4 - 0^2 + 3 = 3 \neq 0 \] Thus, **Option A is false**. **Option B: \( -f(x) = f(x) \)** This suggests \( f(x) = 0 \) for all \( x \), which is not the case as: \[ f(0) = 3 \neq 0 \] Thus, **Option B is false**. **Option C: \( f(x) = f^2(x) \)** Assuming \( f^2(x) \) means \( [f(x)]^2 \): \[ [f(x)]^2 = (x^4 - x^2 + 3)^2 \] This is a quartic expression, which is generally not equal to the original quartic \( f(x) \) unless \( f(x) = 0 \) or \( f(x) = 1 \). However: \[ f(0) = 3 \neq 1 \] Thus, **Option C is false**. **Option D: \( f(-x) = f(x) \)** As calculated in Option A: \[ f(-x) = f(x) \] This shows that the function is even. **Conclusion:** Only **Option D** is true. **Answer:** Only statement D is true. \( \mathrm{f}(-x) = \mathrm{f}(x) \)

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Beyond the Answer

To analyze the function \( f(x) = x^{4} - x^{2} + 3 \), let’s first check if it's an even function, which is indicated by \( f(-x) = f(x) \). Calculating \( f(-x) \): \[ f(-x) = (-x)^{4} - (-x)^{2} + 3 = x^{4} - x^{2} + 3 = f(x) \] This confirms that \( f(-x) = f(x) \), which means \( f(x) \) is an even function. Now we'll check the options: - A) \( -f(-x) = f(x) \) => False. - B) \( -f(x) = f(x) \) => Only true if \( f(x) = 0 \), which is not always. - C) \( f(x) = f^{2}(x) \) => False; this assumes \( f(x) \) is either 0 or 1. - D) \( f(-x) = f(x) \) => True! Thus, the correct statement is D) \( f(-x) = f(x) \).

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