Unit 3 1990: Release of Nelson Mandela and the unbanning of liberation movements - In the 1980s, trade unions and township and civic organisations continued to fight apartheid oppression. - MK and APLA continued to attack targets in the country. - The UDF was formed in 1983 and Cosatu in 1985 . - Internal resistance and external pressure to the apartheid government was increasing. - On 2 February 1990, President FW de Klerk unbanned the ANC, PAC and other organisations. - On 11 February 1990, Nelson Mandela walked free. - Negotiations between the government, the ANC and other parties towards a political settlement would last almost four years. - The period 1990 - 1994 was marked with terrible violence: ANC-IFP violence, the Boipatong and Bisho massacres, the assassination of Chris Hani, and right wing and Third Force violence. - The first democratic election on 27 April 1994 formally marked the end of apartheid. - On 10 May 1994, Nelson Mandela was sworn in as president. - The new Constitution was signed at Sharpeville in 1996.

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Bernard Valdez · Accepted Answer

In the late 1980s, South Africa saw growing resistance to apartheid, with trade unions, civic groups, and liberation movements like the ANC and PAC playing key roles. In 1990, President de Klerk unbanned these movements, and Nelson Mandela was released from prison. The period was marked by violence and negotiations, leading to the first democratic elections in 1994 and Mandela's presidency. The new Constitution was signed in 1996.

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