(A) (i) Describe TWO disadvantages of using Replicate Organism Detection And Counting (RODAC) plate during a surface swab. (ii) Explain TWO purposes of conducting a hand swab test. 12 m

34 (A) (i) Explain ONE purpose of air monitoring. (ii) Describe TWO factors that will affect air quality.

(B) State TWO ways in which flagellum helps a microorganism survive in an open environment. (2 ma All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reco otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Institute of Technical Education, Singapo Institute of Technical Education has made every effort to trace copyright holders, but if inadvertently overlooked any, we will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements a

(C) State TWO ways in which fermentation process helps to improve [2 marks] quality of food products.

Em 1950, a população de girafas numa região do Quénia era de 4600 indivíduos. Sabe-se que a taxa de decrescimento da população é \( 3,5 \% \) por década. Admitindo que a taxa de decrescimento se mantém constante a longo prazo, responda às questões que se seguem.

(B) (i) Explain THREE precaution steps during decontamination of biohazard wastes in bag using an autoclave. (ii) Describe TWO materials that will remain undamaged after autoclaving.