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Use a calculator to evaluate each of the following (a) \( \cos (A-B) \) (b) \( \cos A-\cos B \) (c) \( \cos A \cdot \cos B+\sin A \cdot \sin B \)

Ask by Bird Griffin. in South Africa
Feb 03,2025

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Answer

To evaluate the expressions: (a) \( \cos (A - B) = \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B \) (b) \( \cos A - \cos B = -2 \sin\left( \frac{A + B}{2} \right) \sin\left( \frac{A - B}{2} \right) \) (c) \( \cos A \cdot \cos B + \sin A \cdot \sin B = \cos (A - B) \) Use a calculator with the given values of \( A \) and \( B \) to find the numerical results.

Solution

It looks like you're looking to evaluate the following trigonometric expressions: (a) \( \cos (A - B) \) (b) \( \cos A - \cos B \) (c) \( \cos A \cdot \cos B + \sin A \cdot \sin B \) However, to perform numerical evaluations using a calculator, specific values for angles \( A \) and \( B \) are required. Without these values, we can instead simplify and express these expressions using trigonometric identities. Here's how each part can be approached: --- ### (a) \( \cos (A - B) \) **Using the Cosine Difference Identity:** The cosine of a difference of two angles can be expanded using the following identity: \[ \cos (A - B) = \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B \] **Simplified Form:** \[ \cos (A - B) = \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B \] --- ### (b) \( \cos A - \cos B \) **Using the Sum-to-Product Identity:** The difference of cosines can be expressed as a product using the sum-to-product identities: \[ \cos A - \cos B = -2 \sin\left( \frac{A + B}{2} \right) \sin\left( \frac{A - B}{2} \right) \] **Simplified Form:** \[ \cos A - \cos B = -2 \sin\left( \frac{A + B}{2} \right) \sin\left( \frac{A - B}{2} \right) \] --- ### (c) \( \cos A \cdot \cos B + \sin A \cdot \sin B \) **Using the Cosine Difference Identity:** This expression is identical to the right-hand side of the cosine difference identity mentioned in part (a): \[ \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B = \cos (A - B) \] **Simplified Form:** \[ \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B = \cos (A - B) \] --- ### Summary of Relationships - **Part (a)** and **Part (c)** are essentially the same due to the cosine difference identity: \[ \cos (A - B) = \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B \] - **Part (b)** expresses the difference of two cosines as a product of sines, using the sum-to-product identity: \[ \cos A - \cos B = -2 \sin\left( \frac{A + B}{2} \right) \sin\left( \frac{A - B}{2} \right) \] If you have specific values for \( A \) and \( B \), you can plug them into these simplified forms and use a calculator to obtain numerical results.

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Extra Insights

To evaluate the expressions you provided, you'll want to use known values for angles \( A \) and \( B \). Let's say \( A = 30^\circ \) and \( B = 45^\circ \) as sample values: (a) For \( \cos (A - B) \): Using the difference of angles formula, \( \cos(A - B) = \cos A \cdot \cos B + \sin A \cdot \sin B \). Calculating this: - \( \cos(30^\circ) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \) - \( \sin(30^\circ) = \frac{1}{2} \) - \( \cos(45^\circ) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \) - \( \sin(45^\circ) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \) So, \[ \cos(30^\circ - 45^\circ) = \cos(-15^\circ) = \cos(15^\circ) \approx 0.9659 \] (b) For \( \cos A - \cos B \): Calculating this directly: \[ \cos(30^\circ) - \cos(45^\circ) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \approx 0.3660 - 0.7071 \approx -0.3411 \] (c) For \( \cos A \cdot \cos B + \sin A \cdot \sin B \): Using the values calculated earlier: \[ \cos(30^\circ) \cdot \cos(45^\circ) + \sin(30^\circ) \cdot \sin(45^\circ) = \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right) \] Calculating it gives: \[ \approx 0.6124 + 0.3536 \approx 0.9660 \] In summary: - \( \cos(A - B) \approx 0.9659 \) - \( \cos A - \cos B \approx -0.3411 \) - \( \cos A \cdot \cos B + \sin A \cdot \sin B \approx 0.9660 \)

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