What defines autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? A neurological and developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. A disorder marked by severe fluctuations in mood and energy levels. A cognitive disorder that mainly affects memory and the ability to learn new information. A personality disorder involving instability in relationships, self-image, and affect.

(A) (i) Describe TWO disadvantages of using Replicate Organism Detection And Counting (RODAC) plate during a surface swab. (ii) Explain TWO purposes of conducting a hand swab test. 12 m

8 Which of the following is a type of universal media? (A) MacConkey Agar. (B) Baird-Parker Agar. (C) \( \quad \) Mannitol Salt Agar. (D) Trypticase Soy Agar. 9

(C) State TWO ways in which fermentation process helps to improve [2 marks] quality of food products.

34 (A) (i) Explain ONE purpose of air monitoring. (ii) Describe TWO factors that will affect air quality.

(B) (i) Explain THREE precaution steps during decontamination of biohazard wastes in bag using an autoclave. (ii) Describe TWO materials that will remain undamaged after autoclaving.